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Virtually all materials, including those used to make bridges, expand when heat and contract when cooled. Over time repeated heating and cooling can cause some materials to crack. Many large bridges account for this by having small gaps or joints that allow them to expand and contract without putting too much stress on them. Different materials have different rates of thermal expansion, so engineers have to account for this as well. During extreme heat waves some bridges have been known to buckle and deform, creating dangerous driving conditions.

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