i experienced this about a yr ago and it could be a vacuum leak,air,idle control which runs about 100 bucks. best way to tell is take it to an automotive store or mechanic and have them run a diagnostics test. auto part stores do it for free but give a list of things it could be as to where a mechanic with the correct tools can tell you exactly what it is, just costs a little money. Also could be mass air flow sensor(MAF) which also runs about 100 bucks.
The idle air control valve on a 2002 Pontiac Bonneville is located on the intake manifold. This valve allows direct adjustment to the engines idle system.
to the right
the engine to stall and surge at idle
auto or stick shift
c.s. magnet
There is an idle adjustment at the carb. Look where the accelerator pulls the butterfly stop and you will see an adjustment screw.
Probaby a sensor.
The Idle Speed misadjustment, Timeing misadjustment, or bad throttle position sensor. Search one of the 4WD forums like IH8MUD.com or Pirate4x4 for idle surge. check the coolant level.
I had the same problem and it turned out to be the fuel purge censor
maybe the clutch
A power surge under a load is probably the transmission slipping. If its a manual transmission the pressure plate is slipping on the disc. If it is an automatic most likely it is a worn clutch pack slipping. If it surges at idle with the tranny in park the surge is usually a defective IAC (Idle Air Control) valve.
That is the idle adjustment. Turn it clockwise to increase the idle speed, counter-clockwise to lower the idle speed. You should not adjust the idle until your engine is fully warmed up, about 5 minutes of running. Adjust the idle speed to just over 1,000 RPM with the clutch in and the transmission in 1st gear. This is the most load your Bonneville will have at idle speed. You may need a bit of assistance for this, take care to hold the clutch in tightly if you lean over to adjust the idle by yourself.