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The concept of protected rights, such as habeas corpus (the right to a fair and speedy trial) and the rule of law (no one is above the law) began with the signing of the Magna Carta by King John in 1215
Eminent domain was not used for the common good and transfered property to another private owner
There are five points in the Declaration of Independence. They are; All Men are created equal, the creator grants man rights, Governments are instituted to protect these rights, the Governments get their powers from man, and if the governments begin to usurp these rights, man has the right to fight back.
Neither. They have an obligation to uphold the law. The chips fall where they may.Answer: The Supreme Court, as does every other branch of the United States government, has an absolute responsibility to protect the rights of individuals. This is the Supreme Law of the Land and the only purpose of this government to begin with. If the Supreme Court is to uphold the law then they must begin by upholding an individuals rights. If a person has been accused of abrogating or derogating the rights of someone else, i.e. murder, then that person accused of such crime is entitled a presumption of innocence until proven guilty. This means there must be sufficient enough evidence to bring charges against this individual to begin with and once those charges have been made there is a process of trial that must be done in a speedy manner and the burden of proving guilt is placed upon the prosecution. If the prosecution is not able to effectively establish guilt, and a jury or judge lets the accused go, this is because of the law. The law has insisted the rights of that individual be respected. This does not discount the rights of the victim who has surely had their rights abrogated and derogated, but assuming it was murder, that victim can only rely upon the government sworn to uphold the law to effectively investigate this murder to effectively establish guilt upon that person they are investigating and to effectively prove this guilt in a court of law. That the government is held to this standard does not elevate the rights of a criminal over the rights of a victim. It holds as paramount the rights of all.
Successes and failures of the Civil war and Reconstruction in extending civil rights to African Americans included the right to vote being given to African Americans, but failures included Jim Crow laws that attempted to remove such rights.