article 3 of the constitution gives federal courts jurisdiction.
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1. The President can be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives and tried by the Senate, presided over by the Chief Justice of the United States, for "high crimes and misdemeanors", which, upon conviction, would result in the President's removal from office.
2. Presidential power to nominate to offices held by "Officers of the United States" is limited by the Senate's prerogative to confirm or deny appointments, and to restrict which offices are held by "inferior Officers", which can be unilaterally appointed to by the President.
3. Executive Orders must derive their authority from Acts of Congress or rules promulgated thereunder and cannot exceed this authority or execute them with unconstitutional methods.
The Anti-Federalist wanted to limit the Federal government strictly to what the powers the Constitution delegated to it.
To limit the power of the federal government
The necessity for a written constitution to define citizens' rights and to limit the governments power.
The most basic purpose at the time for writing the US Constitution was to replace the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution was also written to protect the rights of the people, and to simultaneously strengthen and limit the power of the federal government.
The Constitution places extremely heavy and borderline burdensome limits on the legislative and law enforcement powers of the federal government. Since around the turn of the twentieth century these lawful limits have largely been ignored by those in power in the federal government.