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Hugo Black was the first of eight Supreme Court justices President Franklin Roosevelt nominated during his tenure. Black, a Democratic Senator from Alabama, was also the first candidate whose nomination was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee for review. His appointment was controversial because he was nominated while an incumbent in Congress, which appeared to be unconstitutional. The Committee resolved their concerns and voted 13-4 to recommend his commission, which the Senate accomplished by a vote of 63-13, on August 17, 1937.

Black served under five Chief Justices between 1937-1971 (12,447 days), and was considered one of the most influential jurists of the 20th century.

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