The failure of the Commonwealth, 1649-53
NMA hostility • Army believed C'wealth not radical enough
• Insufficient religious reform as the independents
wanted
• Suppression of the Levellers
• Rump especially alienated the army (pay & not sent
home/failure to 'heal & settle'/Dutch war meant
money not used in other ways)
Anglo-Dutch War • Meant more tax, inability to spend on widows
pensions/poor relief
Rump (i)
Unpopularity of
• Loss of army support (see above)
• Lack of any religious settlement
• Lack of radical political/legal/social reform after first
months
• MP's accused of working for their own gain
Rump (ii)
Treatment of
former royalists
• Loss of land
• Fines
• Failure to encourage "heal & settle"
Rump (iii)
confusion over
1653 elections
• = attempt to perpetuate itself
Cromwell's
position
• Dominates through personality, public stature, military
power
• As leader of army could use it to close/change sytems
at will
• Rump/Barebones always had to "look over their
shoulder" - no real freedom to act
Fear that radical
reform would
lead to a
conservative
reaction
• Rump especially was always concerned that to act too
radically would bring the enemies of Parliament
together and lead to opposition & possible unrest.
• Moderate/radical conflict in Barebones alarms
moderates so much that they close the barebones down
and hand back power
In conclusion, after the death of Charles, the Commonwealth system failed to
provide clear, effective government.
It was always envisaged that the Rump would be shortlived to prepare for a new
permanent way of governing the country. The early failure of the Commonwealth,
just speeded this up.
logrolling
A commonwealth is any political entity that was founded on law and united by a compact for the good of the people.# The people of a nation or state; the body politic.# A nation or state governed by the people; a republic.# Commonwealth## Used to refer to some U.S. states, namely, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.## Used to refer to a self-governing, autonomous political unit voluntarily associated with the United States, namely, Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands.# An international association such as The Commonwealth of Nations (formerly the British Commonwealth) or the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Republics).# The English state and government from the death of Charles I in 1649 to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, including the Protectorate of 1653 to 1659.# Archaic. The public good; commonweal.
Hot bunking is the sanctioned practice within military organizations of assigning more than one crew member to a bed or "rack" to reduce sleeping space. The practice dates back at least to the sixteenth century, and today is particularly applied aboard submarines, where maximization of space is especially important.
A shadow cabinet is a virtual and powerless government formed with members of the opposition. Where each member of the leading government has a opposite spokepeople. It is led by the Leader of the opposition. Its role is to criticize the goverment, and to have alternative propositions to the policies led by it. Actually, it mostly refers to the british opposition. But that form of representative opposition exists in several commonwealth countries, such as Canada.
No. The French first settled there in 1605 followed by the British in 1763. In 1867 it became the Dominion of Canada. It is a member of the British Commonwealth. While Canada has the British Crowned Monarch as the head of state the Government of Canada is independent, autonomous and equal to the British Government, Australian Government or French Government.
No, Haiti is not a member of the commonwealth countries.
The US is not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Only members participate in the Commonwealth Games.Because the US is not a member of the Commonwealth
Yes Pakistan is a member of the British Commonwealth
Guyana is a member of the Commonwealth, joined 26th May 1966
The organization once known as the British Commonwealth is now called the Commonwealth of Nations, and, no, Chile is not a member.
No it does not. It is not a member of the Commonwealth.
No it is not. Germany is not a member of the Commonwealth.
Soldiers from member countries of Commonwealth form the Commonwealth Force. They are deputed for peace keeping in a commonwealth member country and are retained till the situation normalizes.
The Commonwealth of Nations has 53 member states. The Commonwealth of Independent States has 9 full member states.
Kenya was a member of the British commonwealth.
No, Brazil is not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
No it is not. Turkey is not a member of the Commonwealth.