He used the Necessary and Proper Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
The decision centered on Maryland's claim that because the Constitution was ratified by State conventions, the States were sovereign
Citizens of the state of Maryland were infuriated by the decision in McCulloch v Maryland, and blamed both Maryland Attorney General, Luther Martin, and Chief Justice John Marshall for the outcome.According to Susan Dudley Gold, in her book McCulloch v Maryland: State v. Federal Power, "...Baltimore residents hanged Martin -- and Chief Justice John Marshall -- in effigy. The protesters labeled Martin "Lawyer Brandy-Bottle," no doubt a reference to the attorney's fondness for drink."Proponents of States' Rights continued to believe the bank was unconstitutional, despite Chief Justice Marshall's reasoning. Thomas Jefferson publicly supported the decision, but privately encouraged dissent.John Taylor wrote a book, Construction Construed,denouncing the decision, and others wrote newspaper articles and essays arguing against it. John Marshall allegedly responded anonymously to some of these letters in the Richmond Enquirer, a Virginia newspaper.Even President James Madison, who had signed the bill chartering the Second National Bank, was critical of the decision, believing Marshall's constitutional interpretation was dangerous. Both Madison and Jefferson favored addressing the matter as a political question outside the court's reach by constitutional amendment.Those who supported nationalism, like Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams applauded the decision.Case Citation:McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US 316 (1819)
There was no dissenting opinion. The decision in McCulloch was formed unanimously, by a vote of 7-0. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the only opinion in the case.Chief JusticeJohn MarshallAssociate JusticesBushrod WashingtonWilliam JohnsonHenry Brockholst LivingstonThomas ToddGabriel DuvallJoseph StoryCase Citation:McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US 316 (1819)For more information, see Related Questions, below.
The decision in McCulloch v Maryland (1819) strengthened the power of the federal government because the Supreme Court determined the Constitution granted Congress both enumerated and implied powers.Chief Justice Marshall held that the Taxing and Spending Clause implied a need for handling revenue (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) and the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) allowed Congress to establish a national bank in order to facilitate the exercise of legitimate constitutional powers. Further, Marshall held that the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) elevated federal law above state law when the two are in conflict, and prohibited the states from interfering with government activity.Case Citation:McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US 316 (1819)
AnswerVery little since it was a unanimous opinion.AnswerBy the time the Supreme Court heard McCulloch v. Maryland,(1819), Federalists no longer dominated the Court. Five of the seven justices were nominated by Democratic-Republican Presidents, and were Democratic-Republicans themselves.As the answer above indicates, the decision was unanimous; partisanship played little if any role in the outcome of the case, despite the decision favoring the federal government. It's unlikely a justice of any party would allow the states to block creation of or tax a federal bank, especially when the primary purpose of the tax was restraint of trade.The question of Federalism is invoked by the Court's decision that it is unconstitutional for the states to tax the federal government under the Supremacy Clause of Article VI, Section 2 of the Constitution. While the decision subordinates state sovereignty to the central government, Marshall's position involved a logical interpretation of the Constitution that protected the interests of the federal government. This determination was shared by the five Democratic-Republican party members who represented the majority party on the Court.Chief JusticeJohn Marshall........Federalist PartyAssociate JusticesBushrod Washington......Federalist PartyWilliam Johnson............Democratic-RepublicanHenry B. Livingston.......Democratic-RepublicanThomas Todd................Democratic-RepublicanGabrielle Duvall.............Democratic-RepublicanJoseph Story.................Democratic-RepublicanFor more information on McCulloch v. Maryland, see Related Questions, below.
The decision centered on Maryland's claim that because the Constitution was ratified by State conventions, the States were sovereign
This case allowed for a broad interpretation of the powers of the federal government.
Congress. Marshall's decisions set a precedent allowing the Legislative Branch to exercise "implied powers," in addition to the expressed powers listed in Article I of the Constitution.
A+ : McCulloch vs. Maryland
A+ : McCulloch vs. Maryland
The Court ruled that the federal government had implied powers under the "elastic clause" in the Constitution. -Gnapinski88
McCulloch v. Maryland
Federal government
Citizens of the state of Maryland were infuriated by the decision in McCulloch v Maryland, and blamed both Maryland Attorney General, Luther Martin, and Chief Justice John Marshall for the outcome.According to Susan Dudley Gold, in her book McCulloch v Maryland: State v. Federal Power, "...Baltimore residents hanged Martin -- and Chief Justice John Marshall -- in effigy. The protesters labeled Martin "Lawyer Brandy-Bottle," no doubt a reference to the attorney's fondness for drink."Proponents of States' Rights continued to believe the bank was unconstitutional, despite Chief Justice Marshall's reasoning. Thomas Jefferson publicly supported the decision, but privately encouraged dissent.John Taylor wrote a book, Construction Construed,denouncing the decision, and others wrote newspaper articles and essays arguing against it. John Marshall allegedly responded anonymously to some of these letters in the Richmond Enquirer, a Virginia newspaper.Even President James Madison, who had signed the bill chartering the Second National Bank, was critical of the decision, believing Marshall's constitutional interpretation was dangerous. Both Madison and Jefferson favored addressing the matter as a political question outside the court's reach by constitutional amendment.Those who supported nationalism, like Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams applauded the decision.Case Citation:McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US 316 (1819)
There was no dissenting opinion. The decision in McCulloch was formed unanimously, by a vote of 7-0. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the only opinion in the case.Chief JusticeJohn MarshallAssociate JusticesBushrod WashingtonWilliam JohnsonHenry Brockholst LivingstonThomas ToddGabriel DuvallJoseph StoryCase Citation:McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US 316 (1819)For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Federal government
Federal government