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Enlightenment thinkers like john Locke, Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau profoundly influenced modern government concepts. Locke's ideas on natural rights and the social contract emphasized individual liberty and the role of government in protecting those rights. Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers to prevent tyranny, while Rousseau introduced the concept of popular sovereignty, asserting that government should reflect the will of the people. Together, these ideas laid the foundation for democratic governance and human rights.

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