The name for a government that exerts restricted power over the population is a limited government.
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Generally speaking this is an administrative form of government, Totalitarian. A Totalitarian form of government can exist in almost any base form of government. For example a Totalitarian: Democracy, Monarchy, Dictatorship, Oligarchy; however some form of governments would specifically limit it, so would not (at least in theory) be possible, such as a Totalitarian Republic.
There is no specific word for this kind of government. There is the term AUTHORITARIANISM which refers to any government that wields significant power over a population, but there is no requirement that an authoritarian government not interfere with citizens' ideas and intimate lives. However, authoritarian governments that do wield power over citizens' ideas and intimate lives are called totalitarian governments.
In a totalitarian system, the government exerts absolute control over all aspects of public and private life, often led by a single ruling party or leader. It employs propaganda, censorship, and state surveillance to suppress dissent and maintain power. Individual freedoms are severely restricted, with the government manipulating information to shape public perception and enforce conformity. The state's authority is enforced through a combination of legal measures, coercion, and often violent repression of any opposition.
If by ruler you mean one person or a small group, then it would be called a "Dictatorship".
Limited government What is the name for a government that exerts no power over the population (in fact, it might not even exist) _Anarchy
Limited government What is the name for a government that exerts no power over the population (in fact, it might not even exist) _Anarchy
Limited government What is the name for a government that exerts no power over the population (in fact, it might not even exist) _Anarchy
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communist
Limited government What is the name for a government that exerts no power over the population (in fact, it might not even exist) _Anarchy
Limited government What is the name for a government that exerts no power over the population (in fact, it might not even exist) _Anarchy
Authoritarian government
Authoritarian government
Authoritarian Government
Totalitarian government