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Imagine the following scenario: Three candidates, Joe Candidate, Johnny Rep and Bobby Congressman, are running for the same position. Joe and Johnny are as identical as any two people can be, but Bobby is the exact opposite. Therefore, voters who like Joe also like Johnny, voters who like Johnny also like Joe, voters who like Joe or Johnny dislike Bobby, and voters who like Bobby dislike Joe and Johnny. In the election, Bobby gets 36% of the votes, Joe gets 33% of the votes, and Johnny gets 31% of the votes. In the absence of a runoff election, like in the case of a congressional election, Bobby, who is liked by 36% of the voters and disliked by 64% of the voters, wins the election. If an absolute majority of votes (more than half) were required, Bobby and Joe would compete in a runoff election. Everyone who previously voted for Johnny would vote for Joe in the runoff, giving him the win with 64% of the votes.

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