The simple definition is the Judicial Branch of the government is to interpret laws and decide if they follow the guidelines as it is laid out to the Constitution. The Legislative Branch makes the laws, the Executive Branch is to enforce the laws.
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Jefferson thought the Bill of Rights would strengthen the judicial branch, because if there were a dispute that involved a persons rights, the Bill of Rights could prove their innocents.
The judicial branch of government is the federal courts, mainly the Supreme Court. The courts interpret the laws that the legislative branch passes.
the job of protecting the rights is the congress
The Bill of Rights is protected by the Judicial Branch.
Executive branch enforces the laws. The judicial branch is the Supreme Court. Its powers include interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding cases involving states' rights. They do not actually enforce rules or punish anyone; they just decide what is legal and what is not.