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∙ 13y agoThe Espionage Act of 1917 (ch. 30, tit. I § 3, 40 Stat. 217, 219)
The Act allowed criminal conviction of anyone who "when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies and whoever when the United States is at war, shall willfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, to the injury of the service or of the United States."
A person convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 could be fined up to $10,000, and/or sentenced to 20 years in prison.
Congress created tighter restrictions in its 1918 revision (known variously as the Espionage Act of 1918, the Sedition Act of 1918, and the Alien and Sedition Act of 1918), but Schenck was convicted under the terms of the 1917 Act.
Case Citation:
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919)
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
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∙ 13y agoFALSE! The Supreme Court has never upheld automatic expatration.
The Supreme Court is responsible for signing off on laws made by Congress. It is also responsible for making sure the Constitution is being upheld.
the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Supreme court justices decide if laws are constitutional.
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Limits to free speech were constitutional during national emergencies
Limits to free speech were constitutional during national emergencies.
Limits to free speech were constitutional during national emergencies.
Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes joined the Court majority in upholding Schenck's conviction in the 1919 case Schenck v. United States. Schenck, an anti-war Socialist, had been convicted of violating the Act, after he published a pamphlet urging resistance to the World War I draft. Later court decisions have cast serious doubt upon the constitutionality of the Espionage Act.
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The Supreme Court is responsible for signing off on laws made by Congress. It is also responsible for making sure the Constitution is being upheld.
the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria was created in 1973.
Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt was created in 1979.
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The Supreme Court case of Plessy Versus Ferguson was extremely important. It declared that the doctrine of 'separate but equal' was constitutional. This upheld government sanctioned racism in America.
The Supreme Court case of Plessy Versus Ferguson was extremely important. It declared that the doctrine of 'separate but equal' was constitutional. This upheld government sanctioned racism in America.