It is not just the Greek language that is important, but Latin in general because it is considered the mother of all language. All the languages were made from Latin and it's roots.
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Greek.
In short, believe it or not they spoke Greek, which is one of the oldest documented languages. The earliest form of the Greek language is considered Proto-Greek, which could possibly be what you mean by "ancient greeks" though if you are speaking of a certain time frame that would narrow it down.
The first two letters of the Greek alphabet are:Αα AlphaΒβ Beta... so the word is... alphabet (a collection of symbols for a written language).
Trading, fishing, sailing, and many more jobs were important in ancient Athens. Trading was considered the most important, and most people got their "drachmas" from it.
The Welsh language.