Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectal area that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. They can be classified into two types: internal hemorrhoids, which occur inside the rectum, and external hemorrhoids, which develop under the skin around the anus. Common causes include straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, and increased pressure during pregnancy. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and over-the-counter remedies to medical procedures in more severe cases.