The hepato-pancreatic duct in frogs serves as a conduit for the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile from the liver and pancreas into the intestine. This duct facilitates the mixing of bile and pancreatic juices with food during digestion, aiding in the breakdown of nutrients. Additionally, it plays a role in the regulation of digestive processes within the frog's gastrointestinal system.
A few inches into the duodenum is the hepato-pancreatic ampulla, which is the site where the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct of the liver enter.
The sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic sphincter), controls the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile into the duodenum. During digestion, intestinal phase signals stimulate the release of bile.
Pancreatic digestive juices are carried by a tube-like structure known as the pancreatic duct.
The area of the duodenum where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty is called the major duodenal papilla. This is where bile and pancreatic enzymes are released into the duodenum to aid in digestion.
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The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join together to form the ampulla of Vater, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla. This structure empties into the duodenum and regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the small intestine for digestion.
It closes the common opening of the bile ducts and pancreatic duct and so helps to regulate digestion.
The hepatopancreatic sphincter, also known as the sphincter of Oddi, regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum from the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. This control ensures the proper digestion of fats and proteins in the small intestine.
The duodenal ampulla is formed by the fusion of the pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) with the common bile duct (duct of the liver). This union occurs at a structure called the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater).
From Seely - Anatomy & Physiology 6th Edition: The hepatic ducts from the liver lobes combine to form the common hepatic duct. The common hepatic duct combines with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct. (Bile contains no digestive enzymes, but it plays a role in digestion because it neutralizes and dilutes stomach acid and emulsifies fats. The pH of chyme as it leaves the stomach is too low for the normal function of pancreatic enzymes. Bile helps to neutralize the acidic chyme and to bring the pH up to a level at which pancreatic enzymes can function.) The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct combine to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. The hepatopancreatic ampulla empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. Pancreatic secretions also enter the duodenum through the hepatopancreatic ampulla. The accessory pancreatic duct also empties into the duodenum.
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The pancreatic ducts (Wirsung, and sometimes when present the Santorini) enter the duodenum. The gallbladder duct proper is called the cystic duct, and it joins the main hepatic duct to form the choledochal duct. The choledochal duct in turns joins with Wirsung's duct in the head of the pancreas to enter the duodenum through the major papilla. None of these structures enter the colon.