There are different types of spotted salamanders. Depending on the color there are many types. My personal favorite is the red spotted newt. Newts and salamanders are pretty much the same thing but newts live more in water. Salamanders also can live in the water but you will mostly find newts there. Different kinds of spotted newts/salamanders are: Black and yellow spotted, Blue spotted, and Red spotted salamanders/newts.
Spotted salamander?
I believe it is the fire-bellied salamander.
almost all salamanders have 24 chromosomes. I don't believe it is any different for the "spotted"- most likely wild type- creature you have described.
no
no they are not
yes
No, spotted salamander tadpoles do not have spots.
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hawk
blue spotted salamanders are not a fully aquatic species. The blue spotted salamander is a mole salamander and is generally found under logs and damp leaves. They only return to the water to reproduce. I have my terrarium set up with an approximate 80/20 ratio of land to water.
they breath through there skin
Eagles