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Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, potentially deadly infection spread by certain species of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).
See also: Dengue fever
Alternative NamesHemorrhagic dengue; Dengue shock syndrome; Philippine hemorrhagic fever; Thai hemorrhagic fever; Singapore hemorrhagic fever
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsFour different dengue viruses are known to cause dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever occurs when a person catches a different type dengue virus after being infected by another one sometime before. Prior immunity to a different dengue virus type plays an important role in this severe disease.
Worldwide, more than 100 million cases of dengue fever occur every year. A small number of these develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever. Most infections in the United States are brought in from other countries. It is possible for a traveler who has returned to the United States to pass the infection to someone who has not traveled.
Risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever include having antibodies to dengue virus from prior infection and being younger than 12, female, or Caucasian.
SymptomsEarly symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of dengue fever, but after several days the patient becomes irritable, restless, and sweaty. These symptoms are followed by a shock -like state.
Bleeding may appear as tiny spots of blood on the skin (petechiae) and larger patches of blood under the skin (ecchymoses). Minor injuries may cause bleeding.
Shock may cause death. If the patient survives, recovery begins after a one-day crisis period.
Early symptoms include:
- Decreased appetite
- Fever
- Headache
- Joint aches
- Malaise
- Muscle aches
- Vomiting
Acute phase symptoms include:
- Restlessness followed by:
- Ecchymosis
- Generalized rash
- Petechiae
- Worsening of earlier symptoms
- Shock-like state
- Cold, clammy extremities
- Sweatiness (diaphoretic)
A physical examination may reveal:
- Enlarged liver(hepatomegaly)
- Low blood pressure
- Rash
- Red eyes
- Red throat
- Swollen glands
- Weak, rapid pulse
Tests may include:
- Arterial blood gases
- Coagulation studies
- Electrolytes
- Hematocrit
- Liver enzymes
- Platelet count
- Serologic studies (demonstrate antibodies to Dengue viruses)
- Serum studies from samples taken during acute illness and convalescence (increase in titer to Dengue antigen)
- Tourniquet test (causes petechiae to form below the tourniquet)
- X-ray of the chest (may demonstrate pleural effusion)
Because Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by a virus for which there is no known cure or vaccine, the only treatment is to treat the symptoms.
- A transfusion of fresh blood or platelets can correct bleeding problems
- Intravenous(IV) fluids and electrolytes are also used to correct electrolyte imbalances
- Oxygen therapy may be needed to treat abnormally low blood oxygen
- Rehydration with intravenous (IV) fluids is often necessary to treat dehydration
- Supportive care in an intensive care unit/environment
With early and aggressive care, most patients recover from dengue hemorrhagic fever. However, half of untreated patients who go into shock do not survive.
Complications- Encephalopathy
- Liver damage
- Residual brain damage
- Seizures
- Shock
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of dengue fever and have been in an area where dengue fever is known to occur, especially if you have had dengue fever before.
PreventionThere is no vaccine available to prevent dengue fever. Use personal protection such as full-coverage clothing, netting, mosquito repellent containing DEET, and if possible, travel during periods of minimal mosquito activity. Mosquito abatement programs can also reduce the risk of infection.
ReferencesHalstead SB. Dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever. In: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Berkley SF, Calandra T, Clumeck N, Finch RG, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005: chap 184.
Tsai TF, Vaughn DW, Solomon T. Flaviviruses (yellow fever, dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2005: chap 149.
What else can I help you with?
What has the author Susumu Hotta written?
Susumu Hotta has written: 'Dengue and related hemorrhagic diseases' -- subject(s): Dengue, Hemorrhagic fever 'Chikyu no rekishi 24-ko'
What is the treatment for dengue hemorrhagic fever?
There are no drugs for this viral infection. Keeping hydrated is most impotant.
What is the conclusion for dengue fever?
The conclusion for dengue fever typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and rash. Patients are advised to stay hydrated and get plenty of rest. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for fluid replacement therapy and close monitoring of complications like dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Prevention strategies, such as mosquito control measures and avoiding areas with high dengue transmission, are also crucial in managing the disease.
When did Din Beramboi die?
Din Beramboi died on April 2, 2010, in Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia of hemorrhagic dengue fever.
Dengue or hemorrhagic fever often causes internal bleeding the blood cells being attacked by the organism causing dengue are most probably the?
Aedes Mosquito
What is scientific name of yellow fever?
Coquillettidia fuscopennata Why do people answer questions they clearly know nothing about? This is the name of a mosquito, and not even the right one. answer: According to "The Dictionary of Virology" by Brian Mahy, the scientific name for yellow fever is "Flavivirus febricis". its the Flaviviridae family (includes flavivirus, hepacivirus, and pestivirus. -Kiera
What is danga fever?
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the dengue virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti. It is characterized by high fever, severe headaches, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. In some cases, dengue can progress to severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening. Prevention focuses on mosquito control and avoiding bites, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for the disease.
Do you get numbness in hands and legs from dengue?
Yes, numbness in the hands and legs can occur in some cases of dengue fever, though it is not a common symptom. This may be related to complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can affect the nervous system. If experiencing numbness or other unusual symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
What micro-organism causes dengue?
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which is a member of the Flavivirus genus. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The virus can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. There are four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus, which can affect a person multiple times.
Where can outbreaks of dengue occur?
Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a skin rash. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.
What are the types of Fever?
They can be classified into four as with the different virus serotypes or depending on the severity. Dengue fever is described as being milder with flu-like symptoms at first then having the "triad" of fever,rash and headache. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome(DSS) is the more severe form, wherein a person at some time had the virus and is reinfected.This presents with small purplish spots in the skin where blood is leaking and internal bleeding as well.there are 4 types of dengue
What is viral hemorrhagic fever?
What test is used to diagnose viral hemorrhagic fever
