How does Argos knows that his master Odysseus has returned?
He recognizes Odysseus's face.
He recognizes Odysseus's voice.
He picks up the scent of his master.
He doesn't; he dies just as Odysseus appears.
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Because
Odysseus is loyal to his men and values them to an extent. Odysseus rushes to save his men from Circe and weeps when he discovers that one of his crew members, Elpenor, had died without notice. However, Odysseus does sacrifice six of his men to the Scylla and knows that he will be the only one to survive the journey home.
In Homer's "Odyssey," Eumaeus is the loyal swineherd of Odysseus. He is primarily depicted as being with Telemachus, Odysseus's son, when they reunite in Ithaca. Eumaeus shows great hospitality and loyalty to Odysseus, even before he knows the true identity of the disguised hero. Together, they plot to reclaim Odysseus's home from the suitors who have overrun it.
Odysseus is not the one who is telling the story. This is all Greek mythology from Homer. No one truly knows if Homer really existed, but this epic was passed down from ancient Greece.
picks up the scent of his master
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The old hound had know that odysseus had returned becus the dog remembers his master smell.
The old hound Argos recognizes Odysseus by his scent after being away for twenty years. Despite being neglected and ill, Argos is able to muster the strength to acknowledge Odysseus one last time before passing away.
Odysseus convinces Penelope that he is her husband by revealing the secret detail of their bed, that he alone knows. This detail is that their bed was constructed by Odysseus himself and cannot be moved as one of its legs is made from a living olive tree. This intimate knowledge proves to Penelope that it is indeed her husband Odysseus returned to her.
Because
Penelope knows that only Odysseus knows that their bed is unmovable because one of the posts is a living tree. She was testing if it was the real Odysseus and not a fake
Besides the gods, only his son Telemachus is aware of Odysseus' disguise.
Circe knows who Odysseus is because she is a goddess-enchantress. She has the gift of fore sight and sees who Odysseus is right away. She also give Odysseus prophesies that help him reach home.
The slave always knows more about the master for several reasons. It is beneficial to the slave's survival to know everything about the master such as what the master wants, how he thinks and acts, and more.
The cork master is the master of the cork because he knows which wine goes with fish or pork...
In Homer's "Odyssey," the character who knows the secret of Odysseus's return is the swineherd Eumaeus. He remains loyal to Odysseus during his absence and, upon Odysseus's return in disguise, helps him devise a plan to reclaim his home. Eumaeus plays a crucial role in reassuring Odysseus's wife, Penelope, about her husband's imminent return, ultimately supporting the reunion of the couple.