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The Dark Age.
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Who fought in the 1st crusade?
christains under pope urban II and the eastern roman empire under alexos I started in 1095 and caputured jereslum in 1099
The downfall of Rome?
The decline Bad emperors Inflation with economy Mercenarie army Too big
What culture influenced the art and architecture of Ancient Rome?
The Romans were a very innovative people, but one possible influence on their architecture would be the Etruscans, who are supposed to have invented the arch, beyond that most of what the Romans built was their own.
What are the moral reasons for the fall of rome?
There are varying reasons for the transition of the Roman empire into feudalistic states; most notable is the differences in population and culture among the Western and Eastern Empire. The Western Empire's population had been decimated by various plagues; the depopulation of Italy meant that fewer Romans and Italians were in military and political posts. This caused an overdependance on 'barbarians' to fill these positions---people who did not have an vested interest in Roman history or traditions, who governed from their own culture's principles. The trend towards imperialism and conquering itself varied from the early Roman Republic; materials and people were taken from conquered territories, as the territorial conquests diminished, so did the supplies. Not so much in regards to a culture's morals, but a decline in general allegiance and morale did influence civil apathy. The increased use of non Roman and Italian mercenaries during the latter Empire is often cited as the reason for a decline in patriotism towards Rome. Gallic, Germanic, and Briton soldiers in the territories were loyal to their own military leaders and their own people; not the city of Rome itself. Roman men were no longer required to serve in the legions; this also caused a social and political lethargy and complacency in Rome itself. Economic decline and inflation (Rome imported heavily, but exported very few things) plagues, food shortages and invasions, both militarily and immigration, contributed to the overall feeling of looking out for one's self and being indifferent to the plight of the state. Reduced tax revenue, due to military expenditure to protect the eastern borders and to conquer new provinces to acquire foodstuffs and materials, caused overinflated local bureaucracies while lessening the public services provided to Roman citizens---housing, roads. Fear of plagues and food shortages caused urban areas become depopulated and people either operated farms on their estates or were obliged to work on farms themselves. The Western empire didn't 'fall' more than it fragmented into smaller, more successfully governed regions.
What was ancient Rome's culture?
Ancient Roman culture existed throughout the almost 1200-year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome. The term refers to the culture of the Roman Republic, later the Roman Empire, which, at its peak, covered an area from Cumbria and Morocco to the Euphrates.Life in ancient Rome revolved around the city of Rome, its famed seven hills, and itsmonumental structures such as the Flavian Amphitheatre (now called the Colosseum), theForum of Trajan, and the Pantheon. The city also had several theaters, gymnasiums, and many taverns, baths, and brothels. Throughout the territory under ancient Rome's control,residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, there were imperial residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into insulae(apartment blocks).The city of Rome was the largest megalopolis of that time, with a population that may well have exceeded one million people, with a high end estimate of 3.5 million and a low end estimate of 450,000. The public spaces in Rome resounded with such a din of hooves and clatter of iron chariot wheels that Julius Caesar had once proposed a ban on chariot traffic at night. Historical estimates indicate that around 30 percent of population under the jurisdiction of the ancient Rome lived in innumerable urban centers, with population of at least 10,000 and several military settlements, a very high rate of urbanization by preindustrial standards. The most urbanized part of the empire was Italy, which had an estimated rate of urbanization of 32%, the same rate of urbanization of England in 1800. Most Roman towns and cities had aforum and temples and same type of buildings, on a smaller scale, as found in Rome. The large urban population required an endless supply of food which was a complex logistical task, including acquiring, transporting, storing and distribution of food for Rome and other urban centers. Italian farms supplied vegetables and fruits, but fish and meat were luxuries. Aqueducts were built to bring water to urban centers and wine and oil were imported from Hispania, Gaul and Africa.There was a very large amount of commerce between the provinces of the Roman Empire since its transportation technology was very efficient. The average costs of transport and the technology were comparable with 18th century Europe. The later city of Rome did not fill the space within its ancient aurelian walls until after 1870.Eighty percent of the population under the jurisdiction of ancient Rome lived in the countryside in settlements with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Landlords generally resided in cities and their estates were left in the care of farm managers. The plight of rural slaves was generally worse than their counterparts working in urban aristocratic households. To stimulate a higher labor productivity most landlords freed a large numbers of slaves and many received wages. Some records indicate that "as many as 42 people lived in one small farm hut inEgypt, while six families owned a single olive tree."[citation needed] . Such a rural environment continued to induce migration of population to urban centers until the early 2nd century, when the urban population stopped growing and started to decline.Starting in the middle of the second century BC, in every aspect of the private culture of the upper classes, Greek culture was increasingly in ascendancy, in spite of tirades against the "softening" effects of Hellenized culture from the conservative moralists. By the time of Augustus, cultured Greek household slaves taught the Roman young (sometimes even the girls); chefs, decorators, secretaries, doctors, and hairdressers---all came from the Greek East. Greek sculptures adorned Hellenistic landscape gardening on the Palatine or in the villas, or were imitated in Roman sculpture yards by Greek slaves. The Roman cuisine preserved in the cookery books ascribed to Apicius is essentially Greek. Roman writers disdained Latin for a cultured Greek style. Only in law and governance was the Italic nature of Rome's accretive culture supreme.Against this human background, both the urban and rural setting, one of history's most influential civilizations took shape, leaving behind acultural legacy that survives in part today.
What culture replaced the urban culture of the Roman Empire?
The Germanic peoples - Goths, Bulgars, Franks and others.
Why was the roman empire called an urban empire?
because the empire was administered though a network of towns and cities
What were the roman dark ages?
The Dark Ages is an old fashioned term which refers to the Middle Ages, the period that came after the fall of the roman Empire. It was usedbecasueit was held that after the fall of the empire, Europe descended into a period ofculturaldecline and anarchy.Nowadays the term is avoided because of its negative connotations and because it is misleading.Historiansnow highlight the fact that during the Middle Ages there were two periods ofculturalrevival. They arecalledtheCarolingianRenaissance, which occurred under Charlemagne, and the Renaissance of the 12th Century.
Discuss Harappans contribution in the field of development of urban culture?
discuss Harappans contribution in the field of development of urban culture?
Who fought in the 1st crusade?
christains under pope urban II and the eastern roman empire under alexos I started in 1095 and caputured jereslum in 1099
Why is urban and rural important to the US culture?
Urban areas are key centers of innovation, diversity, and economic activity, while rural areas are often associated with traditional values, natural resources, and agriculture. Both urban and rural areas contribute unique elements to the rich tapestry of US culture, shaping its values, beliefs, and way of life. The coexistence of urban and rural communities reflects the diverse and dynamic nature of American society.
What is Urban culture?
Urban culture refers to the lifestyle, customs, and norms that are associated with living in a city. It encompasses various aspects such as music, fashion, art, and social behaviors that are unique to urban environments. Urban culture is constantly evolving and influenced by factors like diversity, technology, and globalization.
How did the Byzantine empire became the new Rome?
The Byzantine Empire was really just another name for the Eastern Roman Empire. The Byzantine Greeks called themselves Rhomaoi (Romans) and their Empire the Roman Empire. They saw themselves as the continuation of the Roman Empire and never used the term "Byzantine" to describe themselves.There was no one clear period when the Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. Instead it happened in stages - a pagan, Latin empire based around Rome became a Christian Greek-speaking empire based around Constantinople.In 330, Constantine the Great moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople. There were a number of reasons for this. One was the fact the site of the city was an excellent defensive position. Secondly it was closer to the rich Eastern cities of the Empire, and also closer to the military outposts border with the Empire's main enemy, Persia.Constantine supported the introduction of Christianity from Constantinople as well - the city of Rome still had many pagan temples and was not as suitable for the purpose.The eastern half of the Empire spoke Greek as its working language instead of Latin, because Greeks had dominated the area for centuries before the rise of Rome.While Constantinople and the Eastern Empire maintained themselves, the Westen Empire was beset by barbarian invasions and by the collapse of urban life. The infantry armies of the Romans could not defend themselves against the barbarians who fought on horseback.With the collapse of the West, Greek langauge and culture became even more dominant in Constantinople. Christianity increased in power as well. The official Byzantine church would later become known as the Orthodox Church and is the ultimate origin of all of today's Orthodox churches.Latin and paganism gradually disappeared and were replaced by Greek and Christianity. The process was complete by the time Emperor Heraclius abolished the official use of Latin titles and language in 610.
The roman empire would have grown so large and prosperous without the aqueducts?
Aqueducts did not affect the size of the Roman Empire as this was determined by other factors which were independent from them. They did contribute to prosperity as they supplied the towns with clean water and meet their level of demand. Water was used (and still is) both for cleaning and hygiene (which were important in the cities which were crowded and packed into city walls) and for manufacturing processes. Since the Roman Empire relied on and promoted trade, the urban economy was important.
What is the definition of urban generation?
special traditions culture
The heart of Mexican culture today is its?
urban areas
Where were the Ancient Romans located?
The urban culture of ancient Rome was located in the city of Rome. Urban culture can be loosely defined as the actions and reactions of people and way of life of the people of a city. In our own country for example, if you throw an insult at a Texan, you'll liable to get a punch in the nose, if you insult a New Yorker, you'll get an insult in return and a rude hand gesture. The ancient world was no different. Each city had its own unwritten way of doing things, or its urban culture.
