a drought that caused a terrible famine
The Incas that were not outright killed by European guns died later from the European diseases, like smallpox and measles. Unlike the Europeans, the Incas had no resistance to those diseases, at all. Some Incas escaped, for sure, but they never regained their empire.
Yes. Maya, Aztec, and Incas to name a few.
By introducing disease (smallpox).
The Incas perceived the Spaniards as strange and often viewed them with suspicion and curiosity. They noted the Spaniards' unfamiliar clothing, horses, and weaponry, which seemed extraordinary compared to their own culture. Some Incas saw the Spaniards as powerful and divine figures due to their advanced technology and military prowess, while others recognized them as ruthless conquerors driven by greed. Overall, their views were complex, ranging from admiration to wariness.
the road system helped the incas govern their vast empire
disease
the incas had a disease spread to them when the Spaniards arrived.
The Incas that were not outright killed by European guns died later from the European diseases, like smallpox and measles. Unlike the Europeans, the Incas had no resistance to those diseases, at all. Some Incas escaped, for sure, but they never regained their empire.
Spaniards massacred the Incas.
The Incas were here in the Andes before the Spanish arrived.
horses
No, they're not the same thing. Chachapoya was not only a culture; the Chachapoyas were a completely different people from the Incas and lived independently until the Incas conquered their country shortly before the Spaniards arrived. So Chachapoyan mummies are part of the Chachapoya people and culture, Incan mummies are part of the Incan people and culture. The Inca Empire and culture moreover was destroyed by the Spanish before the Incas could even start to effectively impose "Inca" rule and culture on the Chachapoyans.
Yes. Maya, Aztec, and Incas to name a few.
The Incas arrived in Mesoamerica around the early 13th century. The empire lasted from 1438 until they were conquered by the Spanish in 1533.
yes
By introducing disease (smallpox).
Atawallpa (or Atahualpa) was the emperor of the Inca Empire when the Europeans arrived in the 1500s. At the time, the Inca Empire was undergoing a succession crisis (Atawallpa and his brother were fighting over who would become emperor, which generated a civil war). By the time the Spaniards arrived, Atawallpa had succeeded in becoming emperor, but his empire was devastated and weakened. On top of that, the Spaniards had steel weapons and gunpowder, and also brought along a whole lot of European diseases. As a results, even thought there were only a hundred or so Spaniards and thousands of Incas, the Spaniards managed to wiped out a huge part of the Inca population and conquered the Inca Empire relatively quickly. Atawallpa's downfall is linked directly to the leader of the Spanish conquistadors, Fracisco Pizarro. Pizarro and his troops tricked Atawallpa, captured him, held him hostage, forced him to hand over tons of silver to the Europeans, and eventually executed him. For many, Atawallpa's death marked the end of the Inca Empire.