The megalodon, scientifically known as Carcharocles megalodon, was a massive prehistoric shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago during the Cenozoic Era. It is believed to have been one of the largest and most powerful predators in history, with estimates suggesting it could reach lengths of up to 60 feet (18 meters) or more. The megalodon primarily preyed on large marine animals, such as whales, and its extinction is thought to have been caused by changes in oceanic conditions and the decline of its prey. Fossilized teeth and vertebrae provide most of what we know about this formidable creature.