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The Romans nickname was the agnomen. The Roman naming system consisted of the praenomen (the person's first name) nomen (the name of the clan) and cognomen (the name of the branch of the clan). To these, an agnomen (plur. agnomina) could be added. These were nicknames.
Some agnomina were adoptive. An adopted person would take the adoptive fathers' name. An agnomen was added to indicate the former identity.
Some agnomina were triumphal. They indicated the area were someone had been victorious or who someone defeated. Some examples are Scipio Africanus (the African), Claudius II Gothicus (the Goth).
Apart from these, agnomina often described a characteristic of the person and were sometimes derogatory. Agnomina were not always used. Sometimes they became cognomina.
Here are just a few examples of agnomina are: Aculeo (prickly, unfriendly), Ahala (underarm pit), Albinus (pale, white skinned), Ambustus (scolded), Aquilinus (eagle-like), Barbatus (bearded), Brutus (dullard), Caecus (blind), Calidus (hot-headed), Caninus (dog-like) Cordus (born late), Corvus (crow), Crispus (curly-haired), Crassus (fat) ,Cunctator (procastinator), Curvus (stooping), Imperious (domineering), Laterensis (from the hill side), Lentulus (slow), Lepidus (charming), Paullus (small), Postumus (born after the father's death), Pictor (painter), Rufus (ginger-haired), Severus (strict), Scaevola (left-handed), Superbus (haughty), Varus (bow-legged).
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