What laws of behavior and attitude does polyphemus violate in his treatment of the greek gods?

Greek gods and religion?

Ancient Greek name English name Description Ἀφροδίτη (Aphroditē) Aphrodite The goddess of love, beauty and desire. Although married to Hephaestusshe had many lovers, most notably Ares. She was depicted as a beautiful woman. Her symbols include the rose, scallopshell, pomegranate, and myrtlewreath. Her sacred animal is the dove. Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn) Apollo The god of music, healing, plague, the sun, prophecies, poetry, and archery; associated with light, truth and the sun. He is Artemis' twin brother and Hermes' elder (half)brother, and son of Zeusand Leto. He was depicted as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair and various attributes including a laurelwreath, bow and quiver, raven, and lyre. Animals sacred to Apollo include: roe deer, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows, foxes, and snakes. Ἄρη&sigmaf; (Árēs) Ares The god of war, bloodlust, violence, manly courage, and civil order. The son of Zeusand Hera, he was depicted as either a mature, bearded warrior dressed in battle arms, or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear. His attributes are golden armour and a bronze-tipped spear. His sacred animals are the vulture, venomous snakes, alligators, dogs, and boars. Ἄρτεμι&sigmaf; (Ártemis) ArtemisVirgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth and plague. In later times she became associated with the moon. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister ofApollo. In art she was usually depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chitonand equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. In addition to the bow, her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals are deer, bears, and wild boars. Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ) Athena The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavour, handicrafts and reason. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored. She was depicted crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and a spear. Her symbol is the olivetree. She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Δημήτηρ (Dēmētēr) Demeter The goddess of agriculture, horticulture, grain and harvest. Demeter is a daughter of CronusandRhea and sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. She was depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch. Her symbols are the Cornucopia(horn of plenty), wheat-ears, the winged serpent and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals are pigs and snakes. Διόνυσο&sigmaf; (Diónysos) Dionysus The god of wine, parties and festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness and pleasure at forever young. He was depicted in art as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes include the thyrsus (a pinecone-tipped staff), drinking cup, grape vine, and a crown of ivy. Animals sacred to him include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. A later addition to the Olympians, in some accounts he replaced Hestia. ᾍδη&sigmaf; (Hádēs) Hades King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. His consort isPersephoneand his attributes are the key of Hades, the Helm of Darkness, and the three-headed dog, Cerberus. The screech owl was sacred to him. Despite being the son of Cronus and Rhea and the elder brother of Zeus, as a chthonic god he is only rarely listed among the Olympians. The name Pluto became more common in the Classical period with the mystery religions and Athenian literature. He did not have a throne in Olympus, but is still very known for being one of the three sons of Cronus. Ἥφαιστο&sigmaf; (Hḗphaistos) HephaestusCrippled god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry, sculpture and volcanism. The son of Herabyparthenogenesis, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded man holding hammer and tongs-the tools of a smith-and riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer, tongs, and anvil. His sacred animals are the donkey, the guard dog and the crane. Ἥρα (Hḗra) Hera Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. She is the wife of Zeus and daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil and holding a royal, lotus-tipped staff. Her sacred animals are the heifer, the lion, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Ἑρμῆ&sigmaf; (Hērmēs) Hermes The god of travel, messengers, trade, thievery, cunning wiles, language, writing, diplomacy, athletics, and animal husbandry. He is the messenger of the gods, a psychopompwho leads the souls of the dead into Hades' realm, and the son of Zeus and Maia. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals are the tortoise, the ram, and the hawk. Ἑστία (Hestía) Hestia Virgin goddess of the hearth, home and cooking. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus and sister of Zeus. She was depicted as a modestly veiled woman, whose symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some accounts, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians in favor of Dionysus. Ποσειδῶν (Poseidōn) Poseidon The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses; known as the "Earth Shaker". He is a son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeusand Hades. In classical artwork, he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard, and holding a trident. The horse and the dolphin are sacred to him. Ζεύ&sigmaf; (Zeus) Zeus The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, whom he overthrew after Cronusswallowed his brothers and sisters and he is brother-husband to Hera. In artwork, he was depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt, and his sacred animals are the eagle and the bull.Primordial deitiesAncient Greek name English name Description Αἰθήρ (Aithḗr) Aether The god of the upper air and light. Ἀνάγκη (Anánkē) Ananke The goddess of inevitability, compulsion, and necessity. Ἔρεβο&sigmaf; (Érebos) Erebos or Erebus The god of darkness and shadow. Γαῖα (Gaîa) Gaia or Gaea or Ge Personification of the Earth (Mother Earth); mother of the Titans. Ἡμέρα (Hēméra) HemeraGoddess of daylight. Χάο&sigmaf; (Cháos) Chaos The nothingness from which all else sprang. Χρόνο&sigmaf; (Chrónos) ChronosThe god of time. Not to be confused with the TitanCronus, the father of Zeus. Nῆσοι (Nē̂soi) The Nesoi The goddesses of the islands. Νύξ (Nýx) Nyx or Night The goddess of night. Οὐρανό&sigmaf; (Ouranós) Uranus The god of the heavens (Father Sky); father of the Titans. Οὔρεα (Oúrea) The Ourea The gods of mountains. Φάνη&sigmaf; (Phánēs) Phanes The god of procreation in the Orphic tradition. Πόντο&sigmaf; (Póntos) Pontus The god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures. Τάρταρο&sigmaf; (Tártaros) Tartarus The darkest, deepest part of the underworld. Θάλασσα (Thálassa) ThalassaSpirit of the sea and consort of Pontos. TitansGreek name English name Description The Twelve TitansὙπερίων (Hyperíōn) HyperionTitan of light. With Theia, he is the father of Helios (the sun), Selene(the moon) and Eos (the dawn). Ἰαπετό&sigmaf; (Iapetós) Iapetus Titan of mortality and father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius and Atlas. Κοῖο&sigmaf; (Koîos) Coeus Titan of intellect and the axis of heaven around which the constellations revolved. Κρεῖο&sigmaf; (Kreîos) Crius The least individualized of the Twelve Titans, he is the father of Astraios, Pallas and Perses. Κρόνο&sigmaf; (Crónos) Cronus The leader of the Titans, who overthrew his father Uranus only to be overthrown in turn by his son, Zeus. Not to be confused with Chronos, the god of time. Mνημοσύνη (Mnēmosýnē) MnemosyneTitan of memory and remembrance, and mother of the Nine Muses. Ὠκεανό&sigmaf; (Ōceanós) Oceanus Titan of the all-encircling river Oceanus around the earth, the font of all the Earth's fresh-water. Φοίβη (Phoíbē) Phoebe Titan of the "bright" intellect and prophecy, and consort of Koios. Ῥέα (Rhéa) Rhea Titan of female fertility, motherhood, and generation. She is the sister and consort of Cronus, and mother of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia. Τηθύ&sigmaf; (Tēthýs) Tethys Wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains and clouds. Θεία (Theía) Theia Titan of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky. She is the consort of Hyperion, and mother of Helios, Selene and Eos. Θέμι&sigmaf; (Thémis) Themis Titan of divine law and order. Other Titans Ἀστερία (Astería) Asteria Titan of nocturnal oracles and falling stars. Ἀστραῖο&sigmaf; (Astraîos) AstraeusTitan of stars and planets, and the art of astrology. Ἄτλα&sigmaf; (Átlas) Atlas Titan forced to carry the sky upon his shoulders. Also Son of Iapetus. Αὔρα (Aúra) Aura Titan of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning. Διώνη (Diṓnē) Dione Titan of the oracle of Dodona. Ἠώ&sigmaf; (Ēṓs) Eos Titan of the dawn. Ἐπιμηθεύ&sigmaf; (Epimētheús) EpimetheusTitan of afterthought and the father of excuses. Εὐρυβία (Eurybía) Eurybia Titan of the mastery of the seas and consort of Krios. Εὐρυνόμη (Eurynómē) EurynomeTitan of water-meadows and pasturelands, and mother of the three Charites by Zeus. Ἥλιο&sigmaf; (Hḗlios) Helios Titan of the sun and guardian of oaths. Κλυμένη (Clyménē) Clymene or Asia Titan of renown, fame and infamy, and wife of Iapetos. Λήλαντο&sigmaf; (Lēlantos) LelantosTitan of air and the hunter's skill of stalking prey. He is the male counterpart of Leto. Λητώ (Lētṓ) Leto Titan of motherhood and mother of Artemis and Apollo. Μενοίτιο&sigmaf; (Menoítios) MenoetiusTitan of violent anger, rash action, and human mortality. Killed by Zeus. Μῆτι&sigmaf; (Mē̂tis) Metis Titan of good counsel, advice, planning, cunning, craftiness and wisdom, and mother of Athena. Ὀφίων (Ophíōn) Ophion An elder Titan, in some versions of the myth he ruled the Earth with his consort Eurynome before Cronus overthrew him. Πάλλα&sigmaf; (Pállas) Pallas Titan of warcraft. He was killed by Athena during the Titanomachy. Πέρση&sigmaf; (Pérsēs) Perses Titan of destruction and peace. Προμηθεύ&sigmaf; (Promētheús) PrometheusTitan of forethought and crafty counsel, and creator of mankind. Σελήνη (Selḗnē) Selene Titan of the moon. Στύξ (Stýx) Styx Titan of the Underworld river Styx and personification of hatred. Gigantes(giants)The Hekatoncheires(Ἑκατόγχειρε&sigmaf;), or Centimanes (Latin), the Hundred-Handed Ones, giant gods of violent storms and hurricanes. Three sons of Uranus and Gaea, each with their own distinct characters.[1]Briareus or Aigaion (Βριάρεω&sigmaf;), The VigorousCottus (Κόττο&sigmaf;), The FuriousGyges (Γύγη&sigmaf;), The Big-LimbedAgrius(Ἄγριο&sigmaf;), a man-eating Thracian giant who was half-man and half-bearAlcyoneus(Ἀλκυονεύ&sigmaf;), the king of the Thracian giants, who was slain by HeraclesAloadae(Ἀλῳάδαι), twin giants who attempted to storm heaven Otos (Ότο&sigmaf;)Ephialtes (Εφιάλτη&sigmaf;)Antaeus(Ἀνταῖο&sigmaf;), a Libyan giant who wrestled all visitors to the death until he was slain by HeraclesArgus Panoptes (Ἄργο&sigmaf; Πανόπτη&sigmaf;), a hundred-eyed giant tasked with guarding over IoCyclopes(Elder), three one-eyed giants who forged the lightning-bolts of Zeus Arges (Ἄργη&sigmaf;)Brontes (Βρόντη&sigmaf;)Steropes (Στερόπη&sigmaf;)Cyclopes(Younger), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who shepherded flocks of sheep on the island of Sicily Polyphemus(Πολύφημο&sigmaf;), a cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, only to be overcome and blinded by the heroEnceladus(Ἐγκέλαδο&sigmaf;), one of the Thracian giants who made war on the godsThe Gegenees(Γηγενέε&sigmaf;), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in MysiaGeryon(Γηρυών), a three-bodied, four-winged giant who dwelt on the red island of ErytheiaThe Laestrygonians(Λαιστρυγόνε&sigmaf;), a tribe of man-eating giants encountered by Odysseus on his travelsOrion(Ὠρίων), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of OrionPorphyrion(Πορφυρίων), the king of the Gigantes who was struck down by Heracles and Zeus with arrows and lightning-bolts after he attempted to rape HeraTalos(Τάλω&sigmaf;), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus, and gifted by Zeus to his lover Europa as her personal protectorTityos(Τίτυο&sigmaf;), a giant slain by Apollo and Artemis when he attempted to violate their mother Leto.Typhon(Τυφῶν), a monstrous immortal storm-giant who was defeated and imprisoned in the pits of TartarusPersonified conceptsAchlys(Ἀχλύ&sigmaf;), spirit of the death-mistAdephagia(Ἀδηφαγία), spirit of satiety and gluttonyAdikia(Ἀδικία), spirit of injustice and wrong-doingAergia(Ἀεργία), spirit of idleness, laziness, indolence and slothAgon (Ἀγών), spirit of contest, who possessed an altar at Olympia, site of the Olympic Games.Aidos(Αἰδώ&sigmaf;), spirit of modesty, reverence and respectAisa (Αἴσα), personification of lot and fateAlala(Ἀλαλά), spirit of the war cryAlastor(Ἀλάστωρ), spirit of blood feuds and vengeanceAletheia(Ἀλήθεια), spirit of truth, truthfulness and sincerityThe Algea(Ἄλγεα), spirits of pain and suffering Achos (Ἄχο&sigmaf;) "trouble, distress"Ania (Ἀνία) "ache, anguish"Lupe (Λύπη) "pain, grief, sadness"Alke (Ἀλκή), spirit of prowess and courageAmechania(Ἀμηχανία), spirit of helplessness and want of meansThe Amphilogiai(Ἀμφιλογίαι), spirits of disputes, debate and contentionAnaideia(Ἀναίδεια), spirit of ruthlessness, shamelessness, and unforgivingnessThe Androktasiai(Ἀνδροκτασίαι), spirits of battlefield slaughterAngelia(Ἀγγελία), spirit of messages, tidings and proclamationsApate(Ἀπάτη), spirit of deceit, guile, fraud and deceptionApheleia(Ἀφέλεια), spirit of simplicityAporia(Ἀπορία), spirit of difficulty, perplexity, powerlessness and want of meansThe Arae (Ἀραί), spirits of cursesArete(Ἀρετή), spirit of virtue, excellence, goodness and valourAtë (Ἄτη), spirit of delusion, infatuation, blind folly, recklessness and ruinBia (Βία), spirit of force, power, bodily strength and compulsionCaerus(Καιρό&sigmaf;), spirit of opportunityCorus(Κόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of surfeitDeimos(Δεῖμο&sigmaf;), spirit of fear, dread and terrorDikaiosyne(Δικαιοσύνη), spirit of justice and righteousnessDike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, fair judgements and the rights established by custom and lawDolos(Δόλο&sigmaf;), spirit of trickery, cunning deception, craftiness, treachery and guileDysnomia(Δυσνομία), spirit of lawlessness and poor civil constitutionDyssebeia(Δυσσέβεια), spirit of impietyEirene(Εἰρήνη), goddess of peaceEkecheiria(Ἐκεχειρία), spirit of truce, armistice, and the cessation of all hostilities; honoured at the Olympic GamesEleos(Ἔλεο&sigmaf;), spirit of mercy, pity and compassionElpis(Ἐλπί&sigmaf;), spirit of hope and expectationEpiphron(Ἐπίφρων), spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness and sagacityEris (Ἔρι&sigmaf;), spirit of strife, discord, contention and rivalryThe Erotes(ἔρωτε&sigmaf;) Anteros(Ἀντέρω&sigmaf;), god of requited loveEros (Ἔρω&sigmaf;), god of love and sexual intercourseHedylogos (Ἡδύλογο&sigmaf;), god of sweet talk and flatteryHimeros(Ἵμερο&sigmaf;), god of sexual desirePothos(Πόθο&sigmaf;), god of sexual longing, yearning and desireEucleia(Εὔκλεια), spirit of good repute and gloryEulabeia(Εὐλάβεια), spirit of discretion, caution and circumspectionEunomia(Εὐνομία), goddess of good order and lawful conductEupheme(Εὐφήμη), spirit of words of good omen, acclamation, praise, applause and shouts of triumphEupraxia(Eὐπραξία), spirit of well-beingEusebeia(Eὐσέβεια), spirit of piety, loyalty, duty and filial respectEuthenia(Εὐθενία), spirit of prosperity, abundance and plentyGelos(Γέλω&sigmaf;), spirit of laughterGeras(Γῆρα&sigmaf;), spirit of old ageHarmonia(Ἁρμονία), goddess of harmony and concordHebe (Ήβη), goddess of youthHedone(Ἡδονή), spirit of pleasure, enjoyment and delightHeimarmene(Εἵμαρμένη), personification of share destined by fateHomados(Ὅμαδο&sigmaf;), spirit of the din of battleHomonoia(Ὁμόνοια), spirit of concord, unanimity, and oneness of mindHorkos(Ὅρκο&sigmaf;), spirit of oathsHorme (Ὁρμή), spirit of impulse or effort (to do a thing), eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an actionHybris(Ὕβρι&sigmaf;), spirit of outrageous behaviourHypnos(Ὕπνο&sigmaf;), god of sleepThe Hysminai(Ὑσμῖναι), spirits of fighting and combatIoke (Ἰωκή), spirit of pursuit in battleKakia(Kακία), spirit of vice and moral badnessKalokagathia(Καλοκαγαθία), spirit of nobilityThe Keres(Κῆρε&sigmaf;), spirit of violent or cruel deathKoalemos(Κοάλεμο&sigmaf;), spirit of stupidity and foolishnessKratos(Κράτο&sigmaf;), spirit of strength, might, power and sovereign ruleKydoimos(Κυδοιμό&sigmaf;), spirit of the din of battle, confusion, uproar and hubbubLethe (Λήθη), spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, and of the river of the same nameLimos(Λιμό&sigmaf;), spirit of hunger and starvationThe Litae(Λιταί), spirits of prayerLyssa(Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabies in animalsThe Machai(Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combatMania(Μανία), spirit or spirits of madness, insanity and frenzyThe Moirai, or "Fates" (Μοίραι) Clotho(Κλωθώ), the spinner of the life threadLachesis(Λάχεσι&sigmaf;), the measurer of the life threadAtropos(Άτροπο&sigmaf;), the severer of the life threadMomus(Μῶμο&sigmaf;), spirit of mockery, blame, censure and stinging criticismMoros(Μόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of doomThe Neikea (τὰ Νείκη), spirits of quarrels, feuds and grievancesNemesis(Νέμεσι&sigmaf;), goddess of revenge, balance, righteous indignation and retributionNike (Νίκη), goddess of victoryNomos(Νόμο&sigmaf;), spirit of lawOizys(Ὀϊζύ&sigmaf;), spirit of woe and miseryThe Oneiroi(Ὄνειροι), spirits of dreams Epiales(Ἐπιάλη&sigmaf;), spirit of nightmaresMorpheus(Μορφεύ&sigmaf;), god of dreams, who takes shape of humansPhantasos(Φάντασο&sigmaf;) spirit of dreams of fantasy, who takes shape of inanimate objectsPhobetor(Φοβήτωρ) or Icelos (Ἴκελο&sigmaf;), spirit of nightmares, who takes shape of animalsPalioxis(Παλίωξι&sigmaf;), spirit of backrush, flight and retreat from battlePeitharchia(Πειθαρχία), spirit of obediencePeitho(Πειθώ), spirit of persuasion and seductionPenia(Πενία), spirit of poverty and needPenthus(Πένθο&sigmaf;), spirit of grief, mourning and lamentationPepromene(Πεπρωμένη), personification of the destined share, similar to HeimarmenePheme (Φήμη), spirit of rumour, report and gossipPhilophrosyne(Φιλοφροσύνη), spirit of friendliness, kindness and welcomePhilotes(Φιλότη&sigmaf;), spirit of friendship, affection and sexual intercoursePhobos(Φόβο&sigmaf;), spirit of panic fear, flight and battlefield routThe Phonoi(Φόνοι), spirits of murder, killing and slaughterPhrike(Φρίκη), spirit of horror and trembling fearPhthonus(Φθόνο&sigmaf;), spirit of envy and jealousyPistis(Πίστι&sigmaf;), spirit of trust, honesty and good faithPoine(Ποίνη), spirit of retribution, vengeance, recompense, punishment and penalty for the crime of murder and manslaughterPolemos(Πόλεμο&sigmaf;), personification of warPonos(Πόνο&sigmaf;), spirit of hard labour and toilPoros(Πόρο&sigmaf;), spirit of expediency, the means of accomplishing or providing, contrivance and devicePraxidike(Πραξιδίκη), spirit of exacting justiceProioxis(Προίωξι&sigmaf;), spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuitProphasis(Πρόφασι&sigmaf;), spirit of excuses and pleasThe Pseudologoi, spirits of liesPtocheia(Πτωχεία), spirit of beggarySoter(Σωτήρ), male spirit of safety, preservation and deliverance from harmSoteria(Σωτηρία), female personification of safety, preservation and deliverance from harmSophrosyne(Σωφροσύνη), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, restraint, and discretionTechne(Τέχνη), personification of art and skillThanatos(Θάνατο&sigmaf;), spirit of death and mortalityThrasos(Θράσο&sigmaf;), spirit of boldnessTyche (Τύχη), goddess of fortune, chance, providence and fateZelos ( Ζῆλο&sigmaf;), spirit of eager rivalry, emulation, envy, jealousy and zealChthonicdeitiesAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his deathAngelos(Ἄγγελο&sigmaf;), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddessAskalaphos(Ἀσκάλαφο&sigmaf;), the son of Acheron and Orphne who tended the Underworld orchards before being transformed into a screech owl by DemeterCerberus(Κέρβερο&sigmaf;), the three-headed hound who guarded the gates of HadesCharon(Χάρων), ferryman of HadesEmpusa(Ἔμπουσα), a monstrous underworld spirit or spirits with flaming hair, the leg of a goat and a leg of bronze. They are also servants of Hecate.Erebos(Ἔρεβο&sigmaf;), the primeval god of darkness, his mists encircled the underworld and filled the hollows of the earthThe Erinyes(Ἐρινύε&sigmaf;), the Furies, goddesses of retribution Alecto(Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing oneTisiphone(Τισιφόνη), avenger of murderMegaera(Μέγαιρα), the jealous oneHecate(Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, moon, ghosts and necromancyJudges of the Dead Aiakos(Αἰακό&sigmaf;), former mortal king of Aegina, guardian of the keys of Hades and judge of the men of EuropeMinos(Μίνω&sigmaf;), former mortal king of Crete and judge of the final voteRhadamanthys(Ῥαδάμανθυ&sigmaf;), former mortal lawmaker and judge of the men of AsiaKeuthonymos(Κευθόνυμο&sigmaf;), an Underworld spirit and father of MenoetesCronus(Κρόνο&sigmaf;), deposed king of the Titans; after his release from Tartarus he was appointed king of the Island of the BlessedLamia(Λάμια), a vampiric Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of HecateLampades(Λαμπάδε&sigmaf;), torch-bearing Underworld nymphs Gorgyra(Γοργύρα)Orphne(Ορφνη), a Lampad nymph of Hades, mother of AskalaphosMacaria(Μακαρία), daughter of Hades and goddess of blessed death (not to be confused with the daughter of Heracles)Melinoe(Μελινόη), daughter of Persephone and Zeus who presided over the propitiations offered to the ghosts of the deadMenoetes(Μενοίτη&sigmaf;), an Underworld spirit who herded the cattle of HadesMormo(Μορμώ), a fearsome Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of HecateNyx (Νύξ), the primeval goddess of nightPersephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growthRivers of the Underworld Acheron(Αχέρων), the river of painKokytos(Kωκυτό&sigmaf;), the river of wailingLethe (Λήθη), the river of forgetfulnessPhlegethon(Φλεγέθων), the river of fireStyx (Στύξ), the river of hateTartarus(Τάρταρο&sigmaf;), the primeval god of the dark, stormy pit of HadesThanatos(Θάνατο&sigmaf;), spirit of death and minister of HadesSea deitiesAegaeon(Αιγαίων), god of violent sea storms and ally of the TitansAcheilos(Αχειλο&sigmaf;), shark-shaped sea spiritAmphitrite(Αμφιτρίτη), sea goddess and consort of PoseidonBenthesikyme(Βενθεσικύμη), daughter of Poseidon, who resided in EthiopiaBrizo(Βριζώ), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreamsCeto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monstersCharybdis(Χάρυβδι&sigmaf;), a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tideCymopoleia(Κυμοπόλεια), a daughter of Poseidon married to the Giant BriareusDelphin (Δέλφιν), the leader of the dolphins, Poseidon placed him in the sky as the constellation DelphinEidothea (Ειδοθέα), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of ProteusGlaucus(Γλαῦκο&sigmaf;), the fisherman's sea godGorgons(Γοργόνε&sigmaf;), three monstrous sea spirits Stheno(Σθεννώ)Euryale(Εὐρυάλη)Medusa(Μέδουσα), the only mortal of the threeThe Graeae(Γραῖαι), three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea; they shared one eye and one tooth between them Deino (Δεινώ)Enyo (Ενυώ)Pemphredo (Πεμφρεδώ)The Harpies(Ηάρπυιαι), winged spirits of sudden, sharp gusts of wind Aello (Αελλώ) or Aellope(Αελλώπη) or Aellopous (Αελλόπου&sigmaf;)Ocypete(Ωκυπέτη) or Ocypode (Ωκυπόδη) or Ocythoe (Ωκυθόη)Podarge(Ποδάργη) or Podarke (Ποδάρκη)Celaeno(Κελαινώ)Nicothoe (Νικοθόη)Hippocampi(ἱπποκαμπο&sigmaf;), the horses of the sea they are half horse with the tail of a fishThe Ichthyocentaurs(Ιχθυοκένταυροι), a pair of centaurine sea-gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the serpentine tails of fish Bythos (Βύθο&sigmaf;) "sea depth"Aphros (Άφρο&sigmaf;) "sea foam"Karkinos(Καρκίνο&sigmaf;), a giant crab who allied itself with the Hydra against Heracles. When it died, Hera placed it in the sky as the constellationCancer.Ladon(Λάδων), a hundred-headed sea serpent who guarded the western reaches of the sea, and the island and golden apples of the HesperidesLeucothea(Λευκοθέα), a sea goddess who aided sailors in distressNereides(Νηρηίδε&sigmaf;), sea nymphs Thetis(Θέτι&sigmaf;), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the seaArethusa(Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountainGalene(Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seasPsamathe(Πσαμάθη), goddess of sand beachesNereus(Νηρέα&sigmaf;), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fishNerites(Νερίτη&sigmaf;), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by AphroditeOceanus(Ὠκεανό&sigmaf;), Titan god of the Earth-encircling river Oceanus, the font of all the Earth's fresh-waterPalaemon(Παλαίμων), a young sea god who aided sailors in distressPhorcys(Φόρκυ&sigmaf;), god of the hidden dangers of the deepPontos(Πόντο&sigmaf;), primeval god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creaturesPoseidon(Ποσειδῶν), king of the sea and lord of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horsesProteus(Πρωτεύ&sigmaf;), a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's sealsScylla(Σκύλλα), monstrous sea goddessThe Sirens(Σειρῆνε&sigmaf;), sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death with their song Aglaope (Αγλαόπη) or Aglaophonos (Αγλαόφωνο&sigmaf;) or Aglaopheme (Αγλαοφήμη)Himerope (Ίμερόπη)Leucosia (Λευκοσία)Ligeia (Λιγεία)Molpe (Μολπή)Parthenope (Παρθενόπη)Peisinoe (Πεισινόη) or Peisithoe (Πεισιθόη)Raidne (Ραίδνη)Teles (Τέλη&sigmaf;)Thelchtereia (Θελχτήρεια)Thelxiope (Θελξιόπη) or Thelxiepeia (Θελξιέπεια)The Telchines(Τελχινε&sigmaf;), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic Actaeus (Ακταιο&sigmaf;)Argyron (Αργυρών)Atabyrius (Αταβύριο&sigmaf;)Chalcon (Χαλκών)Chryson (Χρυσών)Damon (Δαμων) or Demonax (Δημώναξ)Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύ&sigmaf;)Dexithea (Δεξιθέα), mother of Euxanthios by MinosLycos (Λύκο&sigmaf;) or Lyktos (Λύκτο&sigmaf;)Lysagora (Λυσαγόρα)?Makelo (Μακελώ)Megalesius (Μεγαλήσιο&sigmaf;)Mylas (Μύλα&sigmaf;)Nikon (Νίκων)Ormenos (Ορμενο&sigmaf;)Simon (Σίμων)Skelmis (Σκελμι&sigmaf;)Tethys(Τηθύ&sigmaf;), wife of Oceanus, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains and cloudsThalassa(Θάλασσα), primeval spirit of the sea and consort of PontosThaumas(Θαῦμα&sigmaf;), god of the wonders of the seaThoosa(Θόοσα), goddess of swift currentsTriteia(Τριτεια), daughter of Triton and companion of AresTriton(Τρίτων), fish-tailed son and herald of PoseidonTritones(Τρίτωνε&sigmaf;), fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinueSky deitiesAchelois(Ἀχελωΐ&sigmaf;), "she who washes pain away", a minor moon goddessAeolus(Aiolos) (Αίολο&sigmaf;), god of the winds.Aether(Αιθήρ), primeval god of the upper airAlectrona(Αλεκτρονα), solar goddess of the morning or waking upAnemoi, gods of the winds Boreas(Βορέα&sigmaf;), god of the north wind and of winterEurus(Εύρο&sigmaf;), god of the unlucky east or southeast windNotus (Νότο&sigmaf;) god of the south windZephyrus(Ζέφυρο&sigmaf;), god of the west windAparctias (Απαρκτία&sigmaf;), another name for the north wind (not identified with Boreas)Apheliotes (Αφηλιώτη&sigmaf;), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)Argestes (Αργέστη&sigmaf;), another name for the west or northwest windCaicias (Καικία&sigmaf;), god of the northeast windCircios (Κίρκιο&sigmaf;) or Thraskias (Θρασκία&sigmaf;), god of the north-northwest windEuronotus (Ευρονότο&sigmaf;), god of the southeast windLips (Λίψ), god of the southwest windSkeiron (Σκείρων), god of the northwest windArke (Άρκη), messenger of the Titans and twin sister of IrisAstraios(Ἀστραῖο&sigmaf;), Titan god of stars and planets, and the art of astrologyThe Astra Planeti (Αστρα Πλανετοι), gods of the five wandering stars or planets Stilbon(Στιλβών), god of Hermaon, the planet MercuryEosphorus(Ηωσφόρο&sigmaf;), god of Venus the morning starHesperus(Ἓσπερο&sigmaf;), god of Venus the evening starPyroeis(Πυρόει&sigmaf;), god of Areios, the planet MarsPhaethon(Φαέθων), god of Dios, the planet JupiterPhaenon(Φαίνων), god of Kronion, the planet SaturnAurai(Αὖραι), nymphs of the cooling breeze Aura (Αὖρα), goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morningChaos (Χάο&sigmaf;), the nothingness from which all else sprang, she also represented the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earthChione(Χιόνη), goddess of snow and daughter of BoreasHelios(Ἥλιο&sigmaf;), Titan god of the sun and guardian of oathsSelene(Σελήνη), Titan goddess of the moonEos (Ἠώ&sigmaf;), Titan goddess of the dawnHemera(Ημέρα), primeval goddess of daylight and the sunHera (Ήρα), Queen of Heaven and goddess of the air and starry constellationsHerse (Ἕρση), goddess of the morning dewThe Hesperides(Ἑσπερίδε&sigmaf;)The Hyades, nymphs that represented a star cluster in the constellation Taurus and were associated with rainIris (Ίρι&sigmaf;), goddess of the rainbow and divine messengerThe Menae(Μήναι), fifty goddesses of phases of the moon and the fifty lunar months of the four-year OlympiadNephelai(Νεφήλαι), cloud nymphsOuranos(Ουρανό&sigmaf;), primeval god of the heavensPandia(Πανδία), daughter of Selene and Zeus; goddess of the full moon and of the earth-nourishing dewThe Pleiades(Πλειάδε&sigmaf;), goddesses of the constellation PleiadesAlcyone(Αλκυόνη)Sterope(Στερόπη)Celaeno(Κελαινώ)Electra(Ηλέκτρα)Maia(Μαία)Merope(Μερόπη)Taygete(Ταϋγέτη)Zeus (Ζεύ&sigmaf;), King of Heaven and god of the sky, clouds, rain, thunder and lightningRustic deitiesAetna(Αἴτνη), goddess of the volcanic Mount Etna in SicilyAmphictyonis(Αμφικτυονί&sigmaf;), goddess of wine and friendship between nations, a local form of DemeterAnthousai(Ανθούσαι), flower nymphsAristaeus(Ἀρισταῖο&sigmaf;), god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and huntingAttis(Άττι&sigmaf;), vegetation god and consort of CybeleBritomartis(Βριτόμαρτι&sigmaf;), Cretan goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small gameCabeiri(Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace Aitnaios (Αιτναιο&sigmaf;)Alkon (Αλκων)Eurymedon (Ευρυμεδών)Onnes (Όννη&sigmaf;)Tonnes (Τόννη&sigmaf;)Centaurs(Κένταυροι), a race of half-man, half-horse beings Asbolus(Άσβολο&sigmaf;)Chariclo(Χαρικλώ), wife of the centaur ChironChiron(Χείρων), the eldest and wisest of the CentaursEurytion(Ευρυτιων)Nessus(Νέσσο&sigmaf;), a ferryman at the river EuenusPholus(Φώλο&sigmaf;)The Cercopes(Κέρκοπε&sigmaf;), a pair of monkey-like thieves who plagued the land of Lydia in western Anatolia Akmon (Ακμών)Passalos (Πάσσαλο&sigmaf;)Chloris(Χλωρί&sigmaf;), goddess of flowers and wife of ZephyrusComus(Κόμο&sigmaf;), god of revelry, merrymaking and festivityCorymbus(Κόρυμβο&sigmaf;), god of the fruit of the ivyThe Curetes(Κουρέτε&sigmaf;), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the CorybantesCybele(Κυβέλη), a Phrygian mountain goddess associated with RheaThe Dactyls(Δάκτυλοι)"fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand Acmon(Ακμών)Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύ&sigmaf;)Delas (Δήλα&sigmaf;)Epimedes (Επιμήδη&sigmaf;)Heracles (not to be confused with the hero Heracles)Iasios (Ιάσιο&sigmaf;)Kelmis (Κελμι&sigmaf;)Skythes (Σκύθη&sigmaf;)Dionysus(Διόνυσο&sigmaf;), god of wine, drunken orgies and wild vegetationDryades(Δρυάδε&sigmaf;), tree and forest nymphsGaia (Γαία), primeval goddess of the earthEpimeliades(Επιμελίδε&sigmaf;), nymphs of highland pastures and protectors of sheep flocksHamadryades(Αμαδρυάδε&sigmaf;), oak tree dryadesHecaterus(Ηεκατερο&sigmaf;), minor god of the hekateris - a rustic dance of quickly moving hands - and perhaps of the skill of hands in generalHephaestus(Ήφαιστο&sigmaf;), god of metalworkingHermes(Ερμή&sigmaf;), god of herds and flocks, of roads and boundary stonesThe Horae (Ώρε&sigmaf;), The Hours The goddesses of natural order Eunomia(Ευνομία), spirit of good order, and springtime goddess of green pasturesDike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, may have represented springtime growthEirene(Ειρήνη), spirit of peace and goddess of the springtimeThe goddesses of springtime growth Thallo(Θαλλώ), goddess of spring buds and shoots, identified with EireneAuxo (Αυξώ), goddess of spring growthKarpo(Καρπώ), goddess of the fruits of the earthThe goddesses of welfare Pherousa(Φέρουσα) "the bringer"Euporie(Ευπορίη) "abundance"Orthosie(Ορθοσίη) "prosperity"The goddesses of the natural portions of time and the times of day Auge (Αυγή), first light of the morningAnatole (Ανατολή) or Anatolia (Ανατολία), sunriseMousika or Musica (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and studyGymnastika, Gymnastica (Γυμναστίκή) or Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of gymnastics/exerciseNymphe (Νυμφή), the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noonSponde(Σπονδή), libations poured after lunchElete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hoursAkte, Acte (Ακτή) or Cypris (Κυπρί&sigmaf;), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hoursHesperis (Έσπερί&sigmaf;), eveningDysis (Δύσι&sigmaf;), sunsetArktos (Άρκτο&sigmaf;), night sky, constellationThe goddesses of seasons of the year Eiar (Είαρ), springTheros (Θέρο&sigmaf;), summerPthinoporon (Φθινόπωρον), autumnCheimon (Χειμών), winterKorybantes(Κορύβαντε&sigmaf;), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele Damneus (Δαμνεύ&sigmaf;) "the one who tames(?)"Idaios (Ιδαίο&sigmaf;) "of Mount Ida"Kyrbas (Κύρβα&sigmaf;), whose name is probably a variant of Korybas, singular for "Korybantes"Okythoos (Ωκύθοο&sigmaf;) "the one running swiftly"Prymneus (Πρυμνεύ&sigmaf;) "of lower areas(?)"Pyrrhichos(Πυρῥιχο&sigmaf;), god of the rustic danceMaenades(μαινάδε&sigmaf;), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus Methe (Μέθη), nymph of drunkennessMeliae(Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash treeNaiades(Ναιάδε&sigmaf;), fresh water nymphs Daphne(Δάφνη)Metope(Μετώπη)MintheThe Nymphai Hyperboreioi (Νύμφαι Υπερβόρειοι), who presided over aspects of archery Hekaerge (Εκαέργη), represented distancingLoxo (Λοξώ), represented trajectoryOupis (Ουπι&sigmaf;), represented aimOreades(Ὀρεάδε&sigmaf;), mountain nymphs Adrasteia(Αδράστεια), a nursemaid of the infant ZeusEcho (Ηχώ), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of othersOceanides(Ωκεανίδε&sigmaf;), fresh water nymphs Beroe(Βερόη), a nymph of Beirut, the daughter of Aphrodite and Adonis, who was wooed by both Dionysus and PoseidonCalypso(Καλυψώ)Clytie(Κλυτίη)Eidyia(Ειδυια), the youngest of the Oceanidesfor the complete list, see List of OceanidsThe Ourea(Ούρο&sigmaf;), primeval gods of mountainsThe Palici(Παλικοί), a pair of rustic gods who presided over the geysers and thermal springs in SicilyPan (Πάν), god of shepherds, pastures, and fertilityPotamoi, river gods Achelous(Αχέλου&sigmaf;)Acis(Άκι&sigmaf;)Acheron(Αχέρων)Alpheus(Αλφειό&sigmaf;)Asopus(Ασωπό&sigmaf;)Cladeus(Κλάδεο&sigmaf;)Eurotas(Ευρώτα&sigmaf;)Cocytus(Kωκυτό&sigmaf;)Lethe(λήθη)Peneus(Πηνειό&sigmaf;)Phlegethon(Φλεγέθων))Styx(Στύξ)Scamander(Σκάμανδρο&sigmaf;)Priapus(Πρίαπο&sigmaf;), god of garden fertilityRhea (Ῥέα), the great mother and queen of the mountain wildsSatyrs(Σάτυροι), rustic fertility spirits Krotos(Κρότο&sigmaf;), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount HeliconSilenus(Σειληνό&sigmaf;), an old rustic god of the dance of the wine-pressTelete(Τελέτη), goddess of initiation into the Bacchic orgiesZagreus(Ζαγρεύ&sigmaf;), in the Orphic mysteries, the first incarnation of DionysusAgricultural deitiesAdonis(Άδωνι&sigmaf;), a life-death-rebirth deityAphaea(Αφαία), minor goddess of agriculture and fertilityCarme(Κάρμη), a Cretan spirit who presided over the harvest festivalCarmanor(Καρμάνωρ), a Cretan harvest godChrysothemis(Χρυσόθεμι&sigmaf;), goddess of the "Golden Custom", a harvest festival, daughter of Demeter and CarmanorCyamites(Κυαμίτη&sigmaf;), demi-god of the beanDemeter(Δημήτηρ), goddess of fertility, agriculture, grain and harvestDespoina, daughter of Poseidon and Demeter, goddess of mysteries in ArcadiaDionysus(Διόνυσο&sigmaf;), god of viticulture and wineEunostus(Εύνοστο&sigmaf;), goddess of the flour millHestia(Ἑστία), maiden goddess of the hearth who presided over the baking of bread, mankind's stable foodPersephone(Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growthPhilomelus(Φιλόμελο&sigmaf;), agricultural demi-god inventor of the wagon and the ploughPlutus(Πλοῦτο&sigmaf;), god of wealth, including agricultural wealth, son of DemeterDeified mortalsAchilles(Ἀχιλλεύ&sigmaf;), hero of the Trojan WarAiakos(Αἰακό&sigmaf;), a king of Aegina, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his deathAeolus(Aiolos) (Αἴολο&sigmaf;), a king of Thessaly, made the immortal king of the winds by ZeusAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebe who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his deathAriadne(Αριάδνη), a Cretan princess who became the immortal wife of DionysusAristaeus(Ἀρισταῖο&sigmaf;), a Thessalian hero, his inventions saw him immortalised as the god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing and huntingAsclepius(Ἀσκληπιό&sigmaf;), a Thessalian physician who was struck down by Zeus, to be later recovered by his father ApolloAttis(Ἄττι&sigmaf;), a consort of Cybele, granted immortality as one of her attendantsBolina(Βολίνα), a mortal woman transformed into an immortal nymph by ApolloThe Dioscuri(Διόσκουροι), divine twins Castor(Κάστωρ)Polydeuces(Πολυδεύκη&sigmaf;)Endymion(Ἐνδυμίων), lover of Selene, granted eternal sleep so as never to age or dieGanymede(Γανυμήδη&sigmaf;), a handsome Trojan prince, abducted by Zeus and made cup-bearer of the godsGlaucus(Γλαῦκο&sigmaf;), the fisherman's sea god, made immortal after eating a magical herbHemithea(Ἡμιθέα) and Parthenos(Παρθένο&sigmaf;), princesses of the Island of Naxos who leapt into the sea to escape their father's wrath; Apollo transformed them into demi-goddessesHeracles(Ἡρακλῆ&sigmaf;), ascended heroLampsace(Λαμψάκη), a semi-historical Bebrycian princess honored as goddess for her assistance to the GreeksMinos(Μίνω&sigmaf;), a king of Crete, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his deathIno (Ἰνώ), a Theban princess who became the sea goddess LeucotheaThe Leucippides (Λευκιππίδε&sigmaf;), wives of the Dioscuri Phoebe(Φοίβη), wife of PolluxHilaeira(Ἱλάειρα), wife of CastorOrithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Athenian princess abducted by Boreas and made the goddess of cold, gusty mountain windsPalaemon(Παλαίμων), a Theban prince, made into a sea god along with his mother, InoPhylonoe(Φυλονόη), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, made immortal by ArtemisPsyche(Ψυχή), goddess of the soulHealth deitiesAceso(Ἀκεσώ), goddess of the healing of wounds and the curing of illnessesAegle(Αἴγλη), goddess of radiant good healthAsclepius(Ασκληπιό&sigmaf;), god of healingEpione(Ἠπιόνη), goddess of the soothing of painHygieia(Υγεία), goddess of cleanliness and good healthIaso (Ἰασώ), goddess of cures, remedies and modes of healingPaeon (Παιάν, Παιήων, or Παιών), physician of the Olympian godsPanacea(Πανάκεια), goddess of healingTelesphorus(Τελεσφόρο&sigmaf;), demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injuryOther deitiesAcratopotes(Ἀκρατοπότη&sigmaf;), god of unmixed wine and incontinenceAdrastea(Αδράστεια), a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, or an epithet of NemesisAgdistis(Ἄγδιστι&sigmaf;), Phrygian hermaphroditic deityAlexiares and Anicetus (Αλεξιαρη&sigmaf; and Ανικητο&sigmaf;), twin sons of Heracles who presided over the defence of fortified towns and citadelsAphroditus(Ἀφρόδιτο&sigmaf;), Cyprian hermaphroditic AphroditeAstraea(Αστραία), virgin goddess of justiceAuxesia(Αυξησία) and Damia(Δαμία), two local fertility goddessesCharites(Χάριτε&sigmaf;), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility Aglaea(Αγλαΐα), goddess of beauty, adornment, splendor and gloryEuphrosyne(Εὐφροσύνη), goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth and merrimentThalia(Θάλεια), goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquetsHegemone(Ηγεμόνη) "mastery"Antheia(Άνθεια), goddess of flowers and flowery wreathsPasithea(Πασιθέα), goddess of rest and relaxationCleta (Κλήτα) "the glorious"Phaenna (Φαέννα) "the shining"Eudaimonia (Ευδαιμονία) "happiness"Euthymia (Ευθυμία) "good mood"Calleis (Καλλεί&sigmaf;) "beauty"Paidia (Παιδία) "play, amusement"Pandaisia (Πανδαισία) "banquet for everyone"Pannychis (Παννυχί&sigmaf;) "all-night (festivity)"Ceraon(Κεραων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the mixing of wineChrysus(Χρύσο&sigmaf;), spirit of goldCirce(Κίρκη), goddess-witch of AeaeaDaemones Ceramici (Δαίμονε&sigmaf; Κεραμικοί), five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter Syntribos (Σύντριβο&sigmaf;), the shattererSmaragos (Σμάραγο&sigmaf;), the smasherAsbetos (Ασβετο&sigmaf;), the charrerSabaktes (Σαβάκτη&sigmaf;), the destroyerOmodamos (Ομόδαμο&sigmaf;), crudebakeDeipneus(Δειπνεύ&sigmaf;), demi-god of the preparation of meals, specifically the making of breadEiresione(Ειρεσιώνη), personification of the olive branchEileithyia(Εἰλείθυια), goddess of childbirthEnyalius(Ενυάλιο&sigmaf;), minor god of warEnyo (Ἐνυώ), goddess of destructive warHarpocrates(Ηαρποκρατη&sigmaf;), god of silenceHermaphroditus(Ἑρμάφρόδιτό&sigmaf;), god of hermaphroditesand effeminate menHymenaios(Ὑμέναιο&sigmaf;), god of marriage and marriage feastsIchnaea(Ιχναία), goddess of trackingIynx (Ιύνξ), goddess of the love charmMatton(Μάττων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the kneading of doughMuses(Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets Titan Muses, daughters of Gaia and UranusAoide(Ἀοιδή), muse of songArche(Αρχή), muse of originsMelete(Μελέτη), muse of meditation and practiceMneme(Μνήμη), muse of memoryThelxinoe(Θελξινόη), muse "charmer of minds"Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Calliope(Καλλιόπη), muse of epic poetryClio (Κλειώ), muse of historyErato(Ερατώ), muse of erotic poetryEuterpe(Ευτέρπη), muse of lyric poetryMelpomene(Μελπομένη), muse of tragedyPolyhymnia(Πολυμνία) or (Πολύμνια), muse of sacred poetryTerpsichore(Τερψιχόρη), muse of dance and choral poetryThalia(Θάλεια), muse of comedy and bucolic poetryUrania(Ουρανία), muse of astronomyYounger Muses, daughters of Apollo Cephisso(Κεφισσώ)Apollonis(Απολλωνί&sigmaf;)Borysthenis(Βορυσθενί&sigmaf;)Hypate(Υπάτη) "the upper (chord of the lyre)"Mese (Μέση) "the middle (chord of the lyre)"Nete (Νήτη) "the lower (chord of the lyre)"Polymatheia(Πολυμάθεια), muse of knowledgePalaestra(Παλαίστρα), goddess of wrestlingRhapso(Ραψώ), minor goddess or nymph whose name apparently refers to sewingMortalsHeroesAbderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by the Mares of DiomedesAchilles(Αχιλλεύ&sigmaf; or Αχιλλέα&sigmaf;), hero of the Trojan Warand a central character in Homer's IliadAeneas(Αινεία&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman peopleAjax the Great (Αία&sigmaf; ο Μέγα&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and king of SalamisAjax the Lesser (Αία&sigmaf; ο Μικρό&sigmaf;), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of the LocrianarmyAmphitryon(Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from the Teumessian Fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of HeraclesBellerophon, hero who slew the ChimeraCastor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain togetherChrysippus, a divine hero of ElisDaedalus, creator of the labyrinth and great inventor, until King Minos trapped him in his own creation.Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan WarEleusis, eponymous hero of the town of EleusisEunostus, a Boeotian heroGanymede, Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the godsHector, hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan peopleIolaus, nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his LaborsJason, leader of the ArgonautsMeleager, a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian BoarOdysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan WarOrpheus, a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the UnderworldPerseus(Περσεύ&sigmaf;), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon MedusaTheseus, son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of the MinotaurNotable womenAlcestis(Άλκηστι&sigmaf;), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husbandAmymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishmentAndromache(Ανδρομάχη), wife of HectorAndromeda(Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her deathAntigone(Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and JocastaArachne(Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemyAriadne(Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of DionysusAtalanta(Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in the Calydonian Boar huntBriseis, a princess of Lyrnessus, taken by Achilles as a war prizeCaeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warriorCassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believedClytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of AgamemnonDanaë, the mother of Perseus by ZeusDeianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of HeraclesElectra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their fatherEuropa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by ZeusHecuba(Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his childrenHelen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan WarHermione(Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later OrestesIphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddessIsmene, sister of AntigoneJocasta, mother and wife of OedipusMedea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelityMedusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by AthenaNiobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen childrenPandora, the first womanPenelope, loyal wife of OdysseusPhaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of TheseusPolyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of AchillesSemele, mortal mother of DionysusKingsAbas, a king of ArgosAcastus, a king of Iolcus who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntAcrisius, a king of ArgosActaeus, first king of AtticaAdmetus(Άδμητο&sigmaf;), a king of Pherae who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntAdrastus(Άδραστο&sigmaf;), a king of Argos and one of the Seven Against ThebesAeacus(Αιακό&sigmaf;), a king of the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf; after he died, he became one of the three judges of the dead in the UnderworldAeëtes, a king of Colchis and father of MedeaAegeus(Αιγεύ&sigmaf;), a king of Athens and father of TheseusAegimius, a king of Thessaly and progenitor of the DoriansAegisthus(Αίγισθο&sigmaf;), lover of Clytemnestra, with whom he plotted to murder Agamemnon and seized the kingship of MycenaeAegyptus(Αίγυπτο&sigmaf;), a king of EgyptAeson, father of Jason and rightful king of Iolcus, whose throne was usurped by his half-brother PeliasAëthlius, first king of ElisAetolus(Αιτωλό&sigmaf;), a king of ElisAgamemnon(Ἀγαμέμνων), a king of Mycenae and commander of the Greek armies during the Trojan WarAgasthenes, a king of ElisAgenor(Αγήνωρ), a king of PhoeniciaAlcinous(Αλκίνου&sigmaf; or Ἀλκίνοο&sigmaf;), a king of PhaeaciaAlcmaeon, a king of Argos and one of the EpigoniAleus, a king of TegeaAmphiaraus(Ἀμφιάραο&sigmaf;), a seer and king of Argos who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and the war of the Seven Against ThebesAmphictyon(Ἀμφικτύων), a king of AthensAmphion and Zethus, twin sons of Zeus and kings of Thebes, who constructed the city's wallsAmycus, son of Poseidon and king of the BebrycesAnaxagoras(Ἀναξαγόρα&sigmaf;), a king of ArgosAnchises(Αγχίση&sigmaf;), a king of Dardania and father of AeneasArcesius, a king of Ithaca and father of LaertesArgeus, a king of ArgosArgus, a son of Zeus and king of Argos after PhoroneusAssaracus, a king of DardaniaAsterion, a king of CreteAthamas(Ἀθάμα&sigmaf;), a king of OrchomenusAtreus(Ἀτρεύ&sigmaf;), a king of Mycenae and father of Agamemnon and MenelausAugeas(Αυγεία&sigmaf;), a king of ElisAutesion, a king of ThebesBias, a king of ArgosBusiris, a king of EgyptCadmus, founder-king of ThebesCar, a king of MegaraCatreus, a king of Crete, prophesied to die at the hands of his own sonCecrops, an autochthonous king of AthensCeisus, a king of ArgosCeleus, a king of EleusisCephalus, a king of Phocis who accidentally killed his own wifeCepheus, a king of EthiopiaCepheus, a king of Tegeaand an ArgonautCharnabon, a king of the GetaeCinyras, a king of Cyprus and father of AdonisCodrus, a king of AthensCorinthus, founder-king of CorinthCranaus, a king of AthensCreon, a king of Thebes, brother of Laius and uncle of OedipusCreon, a king of Corinth who was hospitable towards Jason and MedeaCres, an early Cretan kingCresphontes, a king of Messene and descendent of HeraclesCretheus, founder-king of IolcusCriasus, a king of ArgosCylarabes, a king of ArgosCynortas, a king of SpartaCyzicus, king of the Dolionians, mistakenly killed by the ArgonautsDanaus, a king of Egypt and father of the DanaidesDardanus, founder-king of Dardania, and son of Zeus and ElectraDeiphontes, a king of ArgosDemophon of Athens, a king of AthensDiomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan WarEchemus, a king of ArcadiaEchetus, a king of EpirusEetion, a king of Cilician Thebe and father of AndromacheElectryon, a king of Tiryns and Mycenae; son of Perseus and AndromedaElephenor, a king of the Abantes of EuboeaEleusis, eponym and king of Eleusis, AtticaEpaphus, a king of Egypt and founder of MemphisEpopeus, a king of SicyonErechtheus, a king of AthensErginus, a king of Minyean Orchomenus in BoeotiaErichthonius, a king of Athens, born of Hephaestus' attempt to rape AthenaEteocles, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Polynices killed each otherEteocles, son of Andreus, a king of OrchomenusEurotas, a king of SpartaEurystheus, a king of TirynsEuxantius, a king of Ceos, son of Minos and DexitheaGelanor, a king of ArgosHaemus, a king of ThraceHelenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of EpirusHippothoön, a king of EleusisHyrieus, a king of BoeotiaIlus, founder-king of TroyIxion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in TartarusLaërtes, father of Odysseus and king of the Cephallenians; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntLaomedon, a king of Troy and father of PriamLycaon of Arcadia, a deceitful Arcadian king who was transformed by Zeus into a wolfLycurgus of Arcadia, a king of ArcadiaLycurgus of Nemea, a king of NemeaMakedon, a king of MacedonMegareus of Onchestus, a king of Onchestus in BoeotiaMegareus of Thebes, a king of ThebesMelampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of ArgosMelanthus, a king of MesseniaMemnon, a king of Ethiopia who fought on the side of Troy during the Trojan WarMenelaus, a king of Sparta and the husband of HelenMenestheus, a king of Athens who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan WarMidas, a king of Phrygia granted the power to turn anything to gold with a touchMinos, a king of Crete; after his death, became one of the judges of the dead in the UnderworldMyles, a king of LaconiaNestor, a king of Pylos who sailed with the Argonauts, participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and fought with the Greek armies in the Trojan WarNycteus, a king of ThebesOdysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan WarOebalus, a king of SpartaOedipus, a king of Thebes fated to kill his father and marry his motherOeneus, a king of CalydonOenomaus, a king of PisaOenopion, a king of ChiosOgygus, a king of ThebesOicles, a king of ArgosOileus, a king of LocrisOrestes, a king of Argos and a son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; he killed his mother in revenge for her murder of his fatherOxyntes, a king of AthensPandion I, a king of AthensPandion II, a king of AthensPeleus, king of the Myrmidons and father of Achilles; he sailed the with Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntPelias, a king of Iolcus and usurper of Aeson's rightful thronePelops, a king of Pisa and founder of the House of AtreusPentheus, a king of Thebes who banned the worship of Dionysus and was torn apart by MaenadsPerseus(Περσεύ&sigmaf;), founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon MedusaPhineus, a king of ThracePhlegyas, a king of the LapithsPhoenix, son of Agenor, founder-king of PhoeniciaPhoroneus, a king of ArgosPhyleus, a king of ElisPirithoös, king of the Lapiths and husband of Hippodamia, at whose wedding the Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs occurredPittheus, a king of Troezen and grandfather of TheseusPolybus of Corinth, a king of CorinthPolybus of Sicyon, a king of Sicyon and son of HermesPolybus of Thebes, a king of ThebesPolynices, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Eteocles killed each otherPriam, king of Troy during the Trojan WarProetus, a king of Argos and TirynsPylades, a king of Phocis and friend of OrestesRhadamanthys, a king of Crete; after his death, he became a judge of the dead in the UnderworldRhesus, a king of Thrace who sided with Troy in the Trojan WarSarpedon, a king of Lycia and son of Zeus who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan WarSisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back downSithon, a king of ThraceTalaus, a king of Argos who sailed with the ArgonautsTegyrios, a king of ThraceTelamon, a king of Salamis and father of Ajax; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar huntTelephus, a king of Mysiaand son of HeraclesTemenus, a king of Argos and descendent of HeraclesTeucer, founder-king of Salamis who fought alongside the Greeks in the Trojan WarTeutamides, a king of LarissaTeuthras, a king of MysiaThersander, a king of Thebes and one of the EpigoniTheseus, a king of Athens and slayer of the MinotaurThyestes, a king of Mycenae and brother of AtreusTisamenus, a king of Argos, Mycenae and SpartaTyndareus, a king of SpartaSeersAmphilochus(Αμφίλοχο&sigmaf;), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of the Seven Against ThebesAnius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth yearBranchus, a seer and son of ApolloCalchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan WarCarnus, an Acarnanianseer and lover of ApolloCarya, a seer and lover of DionysusCassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believedEnnomus, a Mysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan WarHalitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' returnHelenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of EpirusIamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded the IamidaiIdmon, a seer who sailed with the ArgonautsManto, seer and daughter of TiresiasMelampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of ArgosMopsus, the name of two legendary seersPolyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of GlaucusTelemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by OdysseusTheoclymenus, an Argive seerTiresias, blind prophet of ThebesAmazonsAegea, a queen of the AmazonsAella(Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by HeraclesAlcibie(Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at TroyAntandre(Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at TroyAntiope(Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of HippolytaAreto(Ἀρετώ), an AmazonAsteria(Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by HeraclesBremusa(Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at TroyCelaeno(Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by HeraclesEurypyle(Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and BabyloniaHippolyta(Ἱππολύτη), a daughter of Ares and queen of the AmazonsHippothoe(Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at TroyIphito(Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under HippolytaLampedo(Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister MarpesiaMarpesia(Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister LampedoMelanippe(Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and AntiopeMolpadia(Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed AntiopeMyrina(Μύρινα), a queen of the AmazonsOrithyia(Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queenOtrera(Ὀτρήρα), a queen of the Amazons, consort of Ares and mother of HippolytaPantariste(Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against HeraclesPenthesilea(Πενθεσίλεια), a queen of the Amazons who fought in the Trojan War on the side of TroyInmates of TartarusThe Daiaides, forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands and were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugsIxion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in TartarusSisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back downTantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods; he was punished with the torment of starvation, food and drink eternally dangling just out of reachMinor figuresAbas, the name of several mythological figuresAbia, nursemaid of Glenus, a son of HeraclesAbrota, wife of Nisos, king of MegaraAcacallis, daughter of Minos, king of CreteAcallaris, daughter of EumedesAcamas, son of Antenor (Ἀκάμα&sigmaf;), a son of Antenor who fought in the Trojan war on the side of TroyAcamas, son of Theseus (Ἀκάμα&sigmaf;), a son of Theseus who fought with the Greeks during the Trojan WarAcarnan(Ἀκαρνάν), a son of Alcmaeon and CallirrhoeAchaeus(Ἀχαιό&sigmaf;), progenitor of the AchaeansAcoetes, a priest of DionysusAcraepheus, a son of ApolloActaeon, a hunter transformed into a stag by Artemis and devoured by his own houndsActor(Άκτωρ), the name of several mythological figuresAegiale(Αἰγιαλεία), unfaithful wife of DiomedesAegialeus, the name of several mythological figuresAepytus, the name of several mythological figuresAëdon, daughter of Pandareus, changed into a nightingaleAërope, the name of several mythological figuresAesacus, a son of Priam who was transformed into a birdAethalides, herald of the ArgonautsAethilla, sister of Priam, king of TroyAethra(Αἴθρα), mother of TheseusAetolus, a son of Endymion, eponym of AetoliaAgamede, the name of several mythological figuresAgamedes, a famed architectAgapenor, leader of the Arcadians during the Trojan WarAgastrophus, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansAgave, mother of Cadmus and worshipper of DionysusAgelaus(Ageláos), the name of several mythological figuresAglaea(Αγλαΐα), the name of several mythological figuresAglaulus, the name of several mythological figuresAgrius, the name of several mythological figuresAgron, a son of Eumelus who was transformed into a plover for disrespecting Hermes, Athena and ArtemisAlcaeus(Ἀλκαίο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAlcathous, the name of several mythological figuresAlcidice, wife of Salmoneus, king of ElisAlcimache, the name of several mythological figuresAlcimede, wife of Aeson and mother of JasonAlcimedon, the name of several mythological figuresAlcimus, the name of several mythological figuresAlcinoe, the name of several mythological figuresAlcmene(Ἀλκμήνη), mother of HeraclesAlcyone(Ἀλκυών or Ἀλκυόνη), daughter of Aeolus and wife of CeyxAlmus, one of the sons of SisyphusAloeus, the name of several mythological figuresAlope, a woman seduced by Poseidon in the form of a kingfisherAlphesiboea, the name of several mythological figuresAlthaea(Ἀλθαία), mother of MeleagerAlthaemenes, son of Catreus, king of Crete; it was prophesied he would be killed by his own sonAmarynceus, a chief of the EleansAmethystos, a maiden that was changed into amethystAmphidamas(Ἀμφιδάμα&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmphimachus(Ἀμφίμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmphinome, the name of several mythological figuresAmphinomus(Ἀμφίνομο&sigmaf;), a son of Nisos and one of Penelope's suitors during the OdysseyAmphion, the name of several mythological figuresAmphithea(Ἀμφιθέα), the name of several mythological figuresAmyclas(Ἀμύκλα&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAmyntor(Ἀμύντωρ), the name of several mythological figuresAmythaon, a son of Cretheus, father of Melampus and BiasAnaxarete, a Cypriot maiden turned to stone by Aphrodite for refusing her suitor's advancesAnaxibia, the name of several mythological figuresAnaxo, mother of AlcmeneAncaeus, the name of two separate Argonauts, each of whom was killed by a boarAnchialus(Ἀγχίαλο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAndraemon, the name of several mythological figuresAndreus, son of the river-god PeneusAndrogeus, a son of Minos, king of CreteAntenor(Ἀντήνωρ), a counsellor of PriamAnticlus, one of the Greek warriors who hid inside the Trojan HorseAnticlea, mother of OdysseusAntilochus(Ἀντίλοχο&sigmaf;), a son of Nestor who participated in the Trojan WarAntimachus(Αντίμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAntinoe, the name of several mythological figuresAntinous, one of the most prominent and disrespectful suitors of Penelope during the OdysseyAntion, father of IxionAntiphates, the name of several mythological figuresAntiphus, the name of several mythological figuresApemosyne, a daughter of Catreus who was raped by HermesAphareus, founder of the city Arene in MesseniaApheidas, the name of several mythological figuresApis, the name of several mythological figuresApsyrtus, a son of Aeëtes, murdered by his sister MedeaArcas(Αρκά&sigmaf;), son of Zeus and CallistoArceophon, a Phoenician man who committed suicide after being spurned by his belovedArcesilaus, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan WarAreithous, the name of several mythological figuresAretaon, the name of several mythological figuresArete, wife of AlcinousArganthone, famed huntress and lover of RhesusArge, the name of several mythological figuresArgea, daughter of Adrastus and wife of PolynicesArgia, the name of several mythological charactersArgynnus, beloved of AgamemnonAristodemus(Ἀριστόδημο&sigmaf;), a descendent of Heracles who helped lead the Dorian InvasionAristomachus(Ἀριστόμαχο&sigmaf;), the name of several mythological figuresAsius, the name of two people who fought during the Trojan WarAspalis, a maiden of Melite, Phthia associated with a local cult of ArtemisAsterodia, the name of several mythological figuresAsteropaios, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansAsterope, the name of several mythological figuresAstyanassa, Helen of Troy's maidAstyanax(Ἀστυάναξ), infant son of Hector and Andromache, killed during the Sack of TroyAstydameia(Ἀστυδάμεια), the name of several mythological figuresAstynome, the name of several mythological figuresAstyoche, the name of several mythological figuresAstypalaea(Ἀστυπάλαια), a lover of PoseidonAtrax, founder of Atracia in ThessalyAtymnius, the name of several mythological figuresAuge, mother of the hero TelephusAutochthe, a daughter of Perseus and Andromeda who married AegeusAutolycus, a son of HermesAutomedon(Αυτομέδων), Achilles' charioteerAutonoë, daughter of Cadmus and mother of ActaeonAutonous, man transformed by the gods into a Stone CurlewAxylus, a participant in the Trojan War who fought on the side of TroyBatea, wife of Dardanus and mother of IlusBaubo, an old woman who jested with Demeter while the goddess was mourning the loss of PersephoneBaucis, a virtuous old woman whose hospitality the gods rewardedBianna, a Cretan woman who migrated to Gaul and disappeared in a chasm of the earthBienor, the name of several mythological figuresBiston, a son of Ares and eponym of Bistonia in ThraceBormus, a Mariandynian youth abducted by nymphsBorus, the name of several mythological figuresBotres, a son of Eumelus, transformed into a bee-eaterBudeia, a Boeotian princess who led an army against ThebesBriseus, father of BriseisBroteas, a son of TantalusBucolion, illegitimate son of the Trojan king Laomedon and half-brother of PriamBuphagus, a son of IapetusBura, a daughter of IonButes, the name of several mythological figuresByblis, a woman who fell in love with her twin brotherCalesius, Axylus' charioteerCaletor, the name of two men involved in the Trojan WarCallidice, queen of Thesprotiaand wife of OdysseusCallithyia, the first priestess of HeraCalyce, the name of several mythological figuresCalydon, eponym of Calydon, AetoliaCanace, a daughter of Aeolus and lover of PoseidonCanethus, the name of several mythological figuresCanthus, the name of several mythological figuresCapaneus, an arrogant warrior who was struck down by ZeusCapys, the name of several mythological figuresCarius, a son of Zeus believed to have learned music from nymphsCarystus, son of ChironCassiopeia, a vain Ethiopian queen, punished by Poseidon for her hubrisCaucon, the name of several mythological figuresCaunus, a son of Miletus who fled from his twin sister's incestuous advancesCebriones, an illegitimate son of PriamCeltine, a Celtic princess and lover of HeraclesCerambus, a talented yet arrogant singer who was transformed into a beetleCerdo, wife of PhoroneusCestrinus, son of Helenus and AndromacheCeyx, husband of AlcyoneChaeresilaus, son of IasiusChalciope, the name of several mythological figuresChalcodon, the name of several mythological figuresCharops, the name of several mythological figuresChelone, changed into a tortoise by HermesChione, daughter of Arcturus, a lover of BoreasChione, daughter of Callirrhoe, a woman transformed by Hermes into a snow cloudChione, daughter of Daedalion, mother of Philammon and Autolycus by Apollo and Hermes respectivelyChloris, the name of several mythological figuresChromia, daughter of ItonusChrysanthis, a woman who told Demeter of the abduction of PersephoneChryseis, a woman enslaved as a war prize by Agamemnon, who was later forced to return herChryses, a priest of Apollo and father of ChryseisChrysippe, the name of several mythological figuresChrysothemis, the name of several mythological figuresChthonia, the name of several mythological figuresChthonius, the name of several mythological figuresChthonophyle, a daughter of Sicyon and wife of PhliasCilix, founder of CiliciaCilla, the name of several mythological figuresCleite, the name of several mythological figuresCleitus, the name of several mythological figuresCleoboea, the name of several mythological figuresCleobule, the name of several mythological figuresCleodaeus, a grandson of HeraclesCleopatra, wife of MeleagerClinis, a Babylonian man, transformed into a birdClonius, the name of several mythological figuresClymenus, the name of several mythological figuresClytie, the name of several mythological figuresClytius, the name of several mythological figuresClytodora, the name of several mythological figuresClytus, the name of several mythological figuresCoeranus, the name of several mythological figuresComaetho, the name of several mythological figuresCoön, a son of Antenor who fell against AgamemnonCopreus, herald of EurystheusCoresus, the name of several mythological figuresCoronis, the name of several mythological figuresCragaleus, a man transformed into stone by ApolloCrete, the name of several mythological figuresCreusa, the name of several mythological figuresCrino, the name of several mythological figuresCrisus, founder of the town of CrissaCtesippus, the name of several mythological figuresCtesylla, a maiden of IoulisCtimene, younger sister of OdysseusCyanippus, the name of several mythological figuresCychreus, son of Poseidon and SalamisCycnus, the name of several mythological figures, most of whom were transformed into swansCydippe, the name of several mythological figuresCydon, the name of several mythological figuresCynurus, a son of PerseusCyparissus, a boy beloved by Apollo and transformed into a cypress tree after his deathDaedalion, a man transformed by Apollo into a hawkDaedalus, a skilled inventor and artisanDascylus, the name of several mythological figuresDeileon, the name of several mythological figuresDeimachus, the name of several mythological figuresDeioneus(Δηιονεύ&sigmaf;) or Deion (Δηίων), the name of several mythological figuresDeiphobus, a son of Priam and Hecuba who fought in the Trojan WarDeipyle, wife of Tydeus and mother of DiomedesDelphus, the name of several mythological figuresDemodice, the name of several mythological figuresDemonassa, the name of several mythological figuresDemonice, the name of several mythological figuresDemophon of Eleusis, a son of Celeus, king of Eleusis, whom Demeter attempted and failed to immortaliseDeucalion, survivor of the DelugeDexamenus, the name of several mythological figuresDia, mother of PirithoösDictys, the name of several mythological figuresDimoetes, brother of TroezenDiocles, the name of several mythological figuresDiomede, the name of several mythological figuresDirce, wife of LycusDius, the name of several mythological figuresDolius, a slave of PenelopeDolon, a fast runner who fought for Troy in the Trojan WarDolops, the name of several mythological figuresDorus, progenitor of the DoriansDotis, the name of several mythological figuresDryas, the name of several mythological figuresDryope, a woman transformed into a black poplarDymas, the name of several mythological figuresEchion, the name of several mythological figuresEioneus, the name of several mythological figuresElectryone, a daughter of Helios and RhodeEleius, the name of several mythological figuresEleuther, the name of several mythological figuresElpenor, a crew member of Odysseus, who died in an accident; his shade approached Odysseus in the Underworld to beg him for a proper burialElymus, progenitor of the ElymiansEmathion, the name of several mythological figuresEnarete, wife of AeolusEndeïs, daughter of ChironEndymion, eternally sleeping lover of the moon goddess SeleneEnyeus, the name of several mythological charactersEpeius, the name of several mythological figuresEpicasta, the name of several mythological figuresEpidaurus, eponymous hero of the city EpidaurusEpipole, a woman that went to Trojan War in disguise of a manEpirus, daughter of Agave and Echion, after whom the region of Epirus was namedEpistrophus, the name of several mythological figuresEpochus, the name of several mythological charactersEreuthalion, the name of several mythological figuresEribotes, one of the ArgonautsEriopis, the name of several mythological figuresEriphyle, mother of Alcmaeon and wife of AmphiarausErymanthus, the name of several mythological figuresEuippe, the name of several mythological figuresEuchenor, the name of several mythological figuresEulimene, a Cretan girl who was put to death after having an affair with a man other than her betrothedEumaeus, Odysseus' loyal swineherdEumedes, the name of several mythological figuresEuphorion, the son of Achilles and HelenEurops, the name of several mythological figuresEuryalus, the name of several mythological figuresEuryanassa, the name of several mythological figuresEurybates, herald of the Greek armies and squire to Odysseus during the Trojan WarEurycleia, the wet-nurse of OdysseusEurycyda, a lover of PoseidonEurydamas, the name of several mythological figuresEurylochus, the second-in-command of Odysseus' ship during the return to Ithaca after the Trojan WarEurymachus, the name of several mythological figuresEurymedon, the name of several mythological figuresEurymedousa, the name of several mythological figuresEurypyle, the name of several mythological figuresEurypylus, the name of several mythological figuresEuryte, daughter of HippodamasEurythemis, the name of several mythological figuresEurythemista, the name of several mythological figuresEurytion, the name of several mythological figuresEurytus, the name of several mythological figuresEvaechme, the name of several mythological figuresEvippus, the name of several mythological figuresGalanthis, servant and friend of Alcmene, who foiled Hera's plan to prevent Heracles' birth and was transformed into a weasel in punishmentGerana, a Pygmy queen changed into a craneGorge, the name of several mythological figuresGorgophone, daughter of Perseus and AndromedaGuneus, the name of several mythological figuresHaemon, son of Creon and EurydiceHalaesus, the name of several mythological figuresHalirrhothius, a son of Poseidon who was murdered by AresHarpalion, the name of several mythological figuresHecamede, daughter of Arsinoös who was captured and given to Nestor as a servantHeleus, a son of Perseus and AndromedaHenioche, the name of several mythological figuresHerippe, a woman from Miletus, abducted by the GaulsHermippe, wife of Orchomeus and mother of Minyas by PoseidonHero and Leander, star-crossed loversHippocoön, the name of several mythological figuresHippodamas, the name of several mythological figuresHippodamia, wife of PelopsHippolytus, a son of TheseusHippotes, the name of several mythological figuresHippothoe, the name of several mythological figuresHippothous, the name of several mythological figuresHodites, the name of several mythological figuresHodoedocus, son of Cynus, father of OileusHyacinthus, a lover of Apollo changed into a flowerHyacinthus of Lacedaemon, father of four daughters who were sacrificed to avert plagueHylas, arms bearer to HeraclesHyllus, son of Heracles and DeianiraHyperenor, the name of several mythological figuresHyperippe, the name of several mythological figuresHypermnestra, the name of several mythological figuresHyperphas, father of Euryganeiaand EuryanassaHypsenor, the name of several mythological charactersHyrmine, the wife of PhorbasHyrnetho, the wife of DeiphontesIalmenus, a son of Ares who sailed with the ArgonautsIasus, the name of several mythological figuresIcarius, the name of several mythological figuresIcarus, the son of Daedalus, who fell to his deathIlione, daughter of Priam and wife of PolymestorIlioneus, the name of several mythological figuresImbrius, a son-in-law of PriamIodame, daughter of Itonus, turned to stone by AthenaIole, daughter of EurytusIon, son of Apollo and Creusa, wife of XuthusIphianassa, the name of several mythological figuresIphianeira, the name of several mythological figuresIphicles, the name of several mythological figuresIphidamas, the name of several mythological figuresIphimedeia, a lover of PoseidonIphinoe, the name of several mythological figuresIphitus, the name of several mythological figuresIphthime, the name of several mythological figuresItonus, son of Amphictyon and founder of a shrine to AthenaLamedon, a son of Coronus of SicyonLampus, the name of several mythological figuresLaodamas, the name of several mythological figuresLaodamia, the name of several mythological figuresLaodice, a daughter of PriamLaonome, the name of several mythological figuresLaophoon, a Paeonian ally of the Trojans in the Trojan WarLaothoe, the name of several mythological figuresLapithes, eponym of the LapithsLeitus, a leader of the Achaean forces during the Trojan WarLeos, name of two Attic heroesLepreus, a grandson of Poseidon and an enemy of HeraclesLeucippus, the name of several mythological figuresLeucon, the name of several mythological figuresLeuconoe, the name of several mythological figuresLeucophrye, daughter of Mandrolytus; she betrayed her city for the love of a manLeucus, the name of several mythological figuresLityerses, a son of Midas killed by Heracles, and eponym of a kind of reaping songsLophis, the young son of a Boeotian kingLycaon of Troy, a son of Priam, killed by AchillesLycaste, the name of several mythological figuresLycastus, the name of several mythological figuresLycorus, the name of several mythological figuresLycurgus of Thrace, a king of the Edoni in ThraceLysianassa, the name of several mythological figuresLysimache, the name of several mythological figuresLysippe, the name of several mythological figuresMachaon, a physician and son of Asclepius who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan WarMaeon, the name of several mythological figuresMagnes, the name of several mythological figuresMecisteus, son of Talaus who participated in the war of the Seven Against ThebesMeda, the name of several mythological figuresMedôn, the name of several mythological figuresMegapenthes, the name of several mythological figuresMelanippus, the name of several mythological figuresMelantho, a disloyal servant of PenelopeMelas, the name of several mythological figuresMeliboea, the name of several mythological figuresMelicertes, son of Athamas and Ino who was transformed into the marine god PalaemonMelite, an eponymous heroine of a deme in AtticaMemphis, eponym of Memphis, EgyptMenippe, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a cometMessene, an ambitious Argive princess for whom Messenia was namedMetaneira, wife of Celeus, king of EleusisMetioche, a daughter of Orion who was transformed into a cometMestor, the name of several mythological figuresMestra, daughter of Erysichthonwho possessed the gift of shape-shiftingMiletus, a son of Apollo and founder of the city MiletusMinyas, founder of Orchomenus in BoeotiaMunichus, the name of several mythological figures.Myrina, the name of several mythological figuresMyrmidon, eponymous progenitor of the MyrmidonsMyrmidone, the name of several mythological figuresMyrrha, the mother of AdonisMyrtilus, charioteer of OenomausMyrto, the name of several mythological figuresMysius, an Argive who offered hospitality to DemeterMytilene, the name of several mythological figuresNarcissus, a young man who fell in love with his own reflectionNaubolus, the name of several mythological figuresNausicaa, a Phaeacian princess who aided OdysseusNausithous, the name of several mythological figuresNeoptolemus, a son of AchillesNicippe, the name of several mythological figuresNireus, an Achaean leader during the Trojan War, renowned for his beautyNyctimene, a woman transformed by Athena into an owlNyctimus, a son of Lycaon who was killed and served up as a meal to ZeusOenoe, the name of several mythological charactersOenone, the first wife of Paris, whom he abandoned in favour of HelenOenotrus, a son of LycaonOlenus, the name of several mythological figuresOmphale, a queen of Lydia to whom Heracles was required to become a slave for the period of a yearOncius, a son of Apollo and eponymous hero of Oncium, ArcadiaOrion, a hunter whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of OrionOrnytion, a son of Sisyphus and ruler over CorinthOrnytus, the name of several mythological figuresOrsilochus, the name of several mythological figuresOthryoneus, a suitor of CassandraOxylus, the name of several mythological figuresPaeon (father of Agastrophus), a Paeonian, father of Agastrophus and LaophoonPaeon (son of Antilochus), a Messenian noblePaeon (son of Endymion), eponym of PaeoniaPaeon (son of Poseidon) by Helle, sister of PhrixusPallene, the name of several mythological figuresPandaie, a daughter of Heracles in IndiaPandareus, a friend of Tantalus who got involved into the latter's impious deedsPandarus, a Trojan archer who fought in the Trojan WarPandora II, a daughter of Deucalion and PyrrhaPanopeus, a son of PhocusPanthous, an elder of TroyParis, a son of Priam whose abduction of Helen resulted in the Trojan WarParthenopeus, one of the Seven Against ThebesPatroclus, a comrade of Achilles who was killed by Hector during the Trojan WarPeirous, a Thracian ally of the TrojansPeisenor, the name of several mythological figuresPeisidice, the name of several mythological figuresPeisistratus, the youngest son of NestorPelopia, the name of several mythological figuresPeneleos, an Achaean soldier in the Trojan WarPenthilus, the name of several mythological figuresPeriboea, the name of several mythological figuresPerigune, daughter of Sinis and lover of TheseusPerileos, the name of several mythological figuresPeriphas, the name of several mythological figuresPeriphetes, the name of several mythological figuresPerimede, the name of several mythological figuresPerimedes, the name of several mythological figuresPhaenops, the name of several mythological figuresPhaëton, a son of Helios who lost control of his father's sun chariot and was struck down by Zeus to prevent disasterPhalerus, a son of Alcon who sailed with the ArgonautsPharis, a son of Hermes and founder of Pharae in MessenePhemius, an Ithacan poet who performs in the house of OdysseusPhialo, a lover of HeraclesPhocus, the name of several mythological figuresPhilemon, a virtuous old man who was rewarded by ZeusPhiloctetes, a famed archer who participated in the Trojan WarPhlias, a son of Dionysus who sailed with the ArgonautsPhocus, a son of Aeacus, killed by his brothers Peleus and TelemonPhoenix, one of the Myrmidons who participated in the Trojan WarPhorbas, the name of several mythological figuresPhorcys, a Phrygian ally of Priam in the Trojan WarPhrastor, the name of several mythological figuresPhrixus, a son of Athamas and Nephele, rescued by Chrysomallus, the ram with the golden fleecePhrontis, a son of Phrixus who sailed with the ArgonautsPhylacus, the name of several mythological figuresPhylas, the name of several mythological figuresPhyleus, son of AugeasPhyllis, wife of Demophon of AthensPhysadeia, the name of several mythological figuresPhyscoa, member of the Sixteen Womenand lover of DionysusPhytalus, an Attic hero encountered by DemeterPleuron, eponym of Pleuron, AetoliaPlexippus, the name of several mythological charactersPodalirius, a healer and son of Asclepius who participated in the Trojan WarPolites, the name of several mythological figuresPolyboea, the name of several mythological figuresPolycaon, the name of several mythological figuresPolycaste, the name of several mythological figuresPolydorus, the name of several mythological figuresPolymele, the name of several mythological figuresPolypheides, the name of several mythological figuresPolystratus, a youth of Dyme, AchaeaPolyxenus, the name of several mythological figuresPolyxo, the name of several mythological figuresPraxithea, the name of several mythological figuresProclia, daughter of Laomedon, sister of Priam and wife of CycnusProcrustes, a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who attacked peoplePromedon, possibly a follower of OrpheusPronax, a brother of AdrastusProsymnus, a shepherd who aided Dionysus in rescuing Semele from HadesProtesilaus, the first Greek soldier to die at TroyProthoenor, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan WarPsophis, the name of several mythological figuresPterelaos, the name of several mythological figuresPygmalion, a sculptor who fell in love with his own creationPylaeus, a Pelasgian ally of the TrojansPylaemenes, an Enetian ally of the TrojansPyraechmes, a Paeonian ally of the TrojansPyramus, tragic lover of Thisbe, on whom Shakespeare's Romeo is basedPyrrha, wife of DeucalionRarus, a possible father of TriptolemusRhadine and Leontichus, star-crossed loversRhoeo, a lover of ApolloSaon, the name of several mythological figuresSchedius, the name of several mythological figuresScylaceus, a Lycian ally of the TrojansSelemnus, a man who loved the sea nymph ArgyraSidero, stepmother of TyroSocus, the name of several mythological figuresSolymus, ancestral hero of the Solymi tribe in LyciaSostratus, a beloved of HeraclesSparta, wife of Lacedaemon for whom the city of Sparta was namedStaphylus, the name of several mythological figuresStentor, a herald of the Greek forces during the Trojan WarStheneboea, daughter of Iobates and consort of ProteusSthenele, the name of several mythological figuresSthenelus, the name of several mythological figuresStratonice, the name of several mythological figuresStrophius, the name of several mythological figuresSyleus, a Lydian who forced people to dig his vineyard and was killed by HeraclesSyme, eponym of the island SymeTecmessa, the name of several mythological figuresTegeates, founder of TegeaTelecleia, a daughter of Ilus and wife of CisseusTelegonus, son of Circe and OdysseusTelemachus, son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in the OdysseyTeleon, father of Butes and EribotesTelephassa, wife of Agenor and mother of CadmusTenes, eponymous hero of TenedosTermerus, a bandit killed by HeraclesTheiodamas, the name of several mythological figuresThemiste, a daughter of Ilus and mother of AnchisesThemisto, third wife of AthamasTheobule, the name of several mythological figuresTheonoe, the name of several mythological figuresTheophane, a lover of Poseidon, changed into an eweThero, the name of several mythological figuresThersander, the name of several mythological figuresThersites, a soldier of the Greek army during the Trojan WarThespius, founder-king of Thespiae, BoeotiaThestius, father of IphiclesThestor, the name of several mythological figuresThisbe, tragic lover of Pyramus, on whom Shakespeare's Juliet is basedThoas, a leader of the Aetolian armies during the Trojan WarThoön, the name of several mythological figuresThrasymedes, soldier who fought on the side of the Greeks in the Trojan WarThymoetes, the name of several mythological figuresTimandra, daughter of Leda and TyndareusTithonus, lover of Eos, granted immortality but not eternal youthTlepolemus, a son of Heracles who fought in the Trojan War of the side of the GreeksToxeus, the name of several mythological charactersTrambelus, a son of Telamon and half-brother of AjaxTrochilus, possible inventor of the chariot linked to cults of Hera and DemeterTroezen, a son of Pelops and eponym of the city TroezenTrophonius, an architect, brother of AgamedesTydeus, father of Diomedes and one of the Seven Against ThebesTyres, the name of several mythological figuresTyro, daughter of SalmoneusUcalegon, an elder of TroyXanthippe, the name of several mythological figuresXanthius, a descendent of Bellerophon and father of LeucippusXanthus, the name of several mythological figuresXuthus, a son of Hellen and Orseis and father of Ion and AchaeusZarex, a son of Carystus and founder of the town Zarex in LaconiaZetes, an Argonaut and son of BoreasZeuxippe, the name of several mythological figuresZeuxippus, the name of several mythological figures

What were these laws written on of hammurabi?

The Prologue When Anu the Sublime, King of the Anunaki, and Bel, the lord of Heaven and earth, who decreed the fate of the land, assigned to Marduk, the over-ruling son of Ea, God of righteousness, dominion over earthly man, and made him great among the Igigi, they called Babylon by his illustrious name, made it great on earth, and founded an everlasting kingdom in it, whose foundations are laid so solidly as those of heaven and earth; then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. Hammurabi, the prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase, enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and purified the worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of the world, made great the name of Babylon, rejoiced the heart of Marduk, his lord who daily pays his devotions in Saggil; the royal scion whom Sin made; who enriched Ur; the humble, the reverent, who brings wealth to Gish-shir-gal; the white king, heard of Shamash, the mighty, who again laid the foundations of Sippara; who clothed the gravestones of Malkat with green; who made E-babbar great, which is like the heavens, the warrior who guarded Larsa and renewed E-babbar, with Shamash as his helper; the lord who granted new life to Uruk, who brought plenteous water to its inhabitants, raised the head of E-anna, and perfected the beauty of Anu and Nana;shield of the land, who reunited the scattered inhabitants of Isin; who richly endowed E-gal-mach; the protecting king of the city, brother of the god Zamama; who firmly founded the farms of Kish, crowned E-me-te-ursag with glory, redoubled the great holy treasures of Nana, managed the temple of Harsag-kalama; the grave of the enemy, whose help brought about the victory; who increased the power of Cuthah; made all glorious in E-shidlam, the black steer, who gored the enemy; beloved of the god Nebo, who rejoiced the inhabitants of Borsippa, the Sublime; who is indefatigable for E-zida; the divine king of the city; the White, Wise; who broadened the fields of Dilbat, who heaped up the harvests for Urash; the Mighty, the lord to whom come scepter and crown, with which he clothes himself; the Elect of Ma-ma; who fixed the temple bounds of Kesh, who made rich the holy feasts of Nin-tu; the provident, solicitous, who provided food and drink for Lagash and Girsu, who provided large sacrificial offerings for the temple of Ningirsu; who captured the enemy, the Elect of the oracle who fulfilled the prediction of Hallab, who rejoiced the heart of Anunit; the pure prince, whose prayer is accepted by Adad; who satisfied the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar, who restored the vessels for worship in E-ud-gal-gal; the king who granted life to the city of Adab; the guide of E-mach; the princely king of the city, the irresistible warrior, who granted life to the inhabitants of Mashkanshabri, and brought abundance to the temple of Shidlam; the White, Potent, who penetrated the secret cave of the bandits, saved the inhabitants of Malka from misfortune, and fixed their home fast in wealth; who established pure sacrificial gifts for Ea and Dam-gal-nun-na, who made his kingdom everlastingly great; the princely king of the city, who subjected the districts on the Ud-kib-nun-na Canal to the sway of Dagon, his Creator; who spared the inhabitants of Mera and Tutul; the sublime prince, who makes the face of Ninni shine; who presents holy meals to the divinity of Nin-a-zu, who cared for its inhabitants in their need, provided a portion for them in Babylon in peace; the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves; whose deeds aind favor before Anunit, who provided for Anunit in the temple of Dumash in the suburb of Agade; who recognizes the right, who rules by law; who gave back to the city of Ashur its protecting god; who let the name of Ishtar of Nineveh remain in E-mish-mish; the Sublime, who humbles himself before the great gods; successor of Sumula-il; the mighty son of Sin-muballit; the royal scion of Eternity; the mighty monarch, the sun of Babylon, whose rays shed light over the land of Sumer and Akkad; the king, obeyed by the four quarters of the world; Beloved of Ninni, am I. When Marduk sent me to rule over men, to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and in righteousness brought about the well-being of the oppressed. 1. If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. 2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. 3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. 4. If he satisfy the elders to impose a fine of grain or money, he shall receive the fine that the action produces. 5. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgement. 6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. 7. If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death. 8. If any one steal cattle or sheep, or an ass, or a pig or a goat if it belong to a god or to the court, the thief shall pay thirtyfold therefore; if they belonged to a freed man of the king he shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. 9. If any one lose an article, and find it in the possession of another: if the person in whose possession the thing is found say "A merchant sold it to me, I paid for it before witnesses," and if the owner of the thing say, "I will bring witnesses who know my property," then shall the purchaser bring the merchant who sold it to him, and the witnesses before whom he bought it, and the owner shall bring witnesses who can identify his property. The judge shall examine their testimony -- both of the witnesses before whom the price was paid, and of the witnesses who identify the lost article on oath. The merchant is then proved to be a thief and shall be put to death. The owner of the lost article receives his property, and he who bought it receives the money he paid from the estate of the merchant. 10. If the purchaser does not bring the merchant and the witnesses before whom he bought the article, but its owner bring witnesses who identify it, then the buyer is the thief and shall be put to death, and the owner receive the lost article. 11. If the owner do not bring witnesses to identify the lost article, he is an evil-doer, he has traduced, and shall be put to death. 12. If the witnesses be not at hand, then shall the judge set a limit, at the expiration of six months. If his witnesses have not appeared within the six months, he is an evil-doer, and shall bear the fine of the pending case. 13. unlucky or evil number so no rule was written here. 14. If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death. 15. If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death. 16. If any one receive into his house a runaway male or female slave of the court, or of a freedman, and does not bring it out at the public proclamation of the major domus, the master of the house shall be put to death. 17. If any one find runaway male or female slaves in the open country and bring them to their masters, the master of the slaves shall pay him two shekels of silver. 18. If the slave will not give the name of the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must follow, and the slave shall be returned to his master. 19. If he hold the slaves in his house, and they are caught there, he shall be put to death. 20. If the slave that he caught run away from him, then shall he swear to the owners of the slave, and he is free of all blame. 21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. 22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. 23. If the robber is not caught, then shall he who was robbed claim under oath the amount of his loss; then shall the community, and . . . on whose ground and territory and in whose domain it was compensate him for the goods stolen. 24. If persons are stolen, then shall the community and . . . pay one mina of silver to their relatives. 25. If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire. 26. If a chieftain or a man (common soldier), who has been ordered to go upon the king's highway for war does not go, but hires a mercenary, if he withholds the compensation, then shall this officer or man be put to death, and he who represented him shall take possession of his house. 27. If a chieftain or man be caught in the misfortune of the king (captured in battle), and if his fields and garden be given to another and he take possession, if he return and reaches his place, his field and garden shall be returned to him, he shall take it over again. 28. If a chieftain or a man be caught in the misfortune of a king, if his son is able to enter into possession, then the field and garden shall be given to him, he shall take over the fee of his father. 29. If his son is still young, and can not take possession, a third of the field and garden shall be given to his mother, and she shall bring him up. 30. If a chieftain or a man leave his house, garden, and field and hires it out, and some one else takes possession of his house, garden, and field and uses it for three years: if the first owner return and claims his house, garden, and field, it shall not be given to him, but he who has taken possession of it and used it shall continue to use it. 31. If he hire it out for one year and then return, the house, garden, and field shall be given back to him, and he shall take it over again. 32. If a chieftain or a man is captured on the "Way of the King" (in war), and a merchant buy him free, and bring him back to his place; if he have the means in his house to buy his freedom, he shall buy himself free: if he have nothing in his house with which to buy himself free, he shall be bought free by the temple of his community; if there be nothing in the temple with which to buy him free, the court shall buy his freedom. His field, garden, and house shall not be given for the purchase of his freedom. 33. If a . . . or a . . . enter himself as withdrawn from the "Way of the King," and send a mercenary as substitute, but withdraw him, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 34. If a ... or a ... harm the property of a captain, injure the captain, or take away from the captain a gift presented to him by the king, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 35. If any one buy the cattle or sheep which the king has given to chieftains from him, he loses his money. 36. The field, garden, and house of a chieftain, of a man, or of one subject to quit-rent, can not be sold. 37. If any one buy the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, his contract tablet of sale shall be broken (declared invalid) and he loses his money. The field, garden, and house return to their owners. 38. A chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent can not assign his tenure of field, house, and garden to his wife or daughter, nor can he assign it for a debt. 39. He may, however, assign a field, garden, or house which he has bought, and holds as property, to his wife or daughter or give it for debt. 40. He may sell field, garden, and house to a merchant (royal agents) or to any other public official, the buyer holding field, house, and garden for its usufruct. 41. If any one fence in the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, furnishing the palings therefor; if the chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent return to field, garden, and house, the palings which were given to him become his property. 42. If any one take over a field to till it, and obtain no harvest therefrom, it must be proved that he did no work on the field, and he must deliver grain, just as his neighbor raised, to the owner of the field. 43. If he do not till the field, but let it lie fallow, he shall give grain like his neighbor's to the owner of the field, and the field which he let lie fallow he must plow and sow and return to its owner. 44. If any one take over a waste-lying field to make it arable, but is lazy, and does not make it arable, he shall plow the fallow field in the fourth year, harrow it and till it, and give it back to its owner, and for each ten gan (a measure of area) ten gur of grain shall be paid. 45. If a man rent his field for tillage for a fixed rental, and receive the rent of his field, but bad weather come and destroy the harvest, the injury falls upon the tiller of the soil. 46. If he do not receive a fixed rental for his field, but lets it on half or third shares of the harvest, the grain on the field shall be divided proportionately between the tiller and the owner. 47. If the tiller, because he did not succeed in the first year, has had the soil tilled by others, the owner may raise no objection; the field has been cultivated and he receives the harvest according to agreement. 48. If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year. 49. If any one take money from a merchant, and give the merchant a field tillable for corn or sesame and order him to plant corn or sesame in the field, and to harvest the crop; if the cultivator plant corn or sesame in the field, at the harvest the corn or sesame that is in the field shall belong to the owner of the field and he shall pay corn as rent, for the money he received from the merchant, and the livelihood of the cultivator shall he give to the merchant. 50. If he give a cultivated corn-field or a cultivated sesame-field, the corn or sesame in the field shall belong to the owner of the field, and he shall return the money to the merchant as rent. 51. If he have no money to repay, then he shall pay in corn or sesame in place of the money as rent for what he received from the merchant, according to the royal tariff. 52. If the cultivator does not plant corn or sesame in the field, the debtor's contract is not weakened. 53. If anyone be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 54. If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded. 55. If anyone open his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water flood the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss. 56. If a man let in the water and the water overflow the plantation of his neighbor, he shall pay ten gur of corn for every ten gan of land. 57. If a shepherd, without the permission of the owner of the field, and without the knowledge of the owner of the sheep, lets the sheep into a field to graze, then the owner of the field shall harvest his crop, and the shepherd, who had pastured his flock there without permission of the owner of the field, shall pay to the owner twenty gur of corn for every ten gan. 58. If after the flocks have left the pasture and been shut up in the common fold at the city gate, any shepherd let them into a field and they graze there, this shepherd shall take possession of the field which he has allowed to be grazed on, and at the harvest he must pay sixty gur of corn for every ten gan. 59. If any man, without the knowledge of the owner of a garden, fell a tree in a garden he shall pay half a mina in money. 60. If anyone give over a field to a gardener, for him to plant it as a garden, if he work at it, and care for it for four years, in the fifth year the owner and the gardener shall divide it, the owner taking his part in charge. 61. If the gardener has not completed the planting of the field, leaving one part unused, this shall be assigned to him as his. 62. If he do not plant the field that was given over to him as a garden, if it be arable land (for corn or sesame) the gardener shall pay the owner the produce of the field for the years that he let it lie fallow, according to the product of neighboring fields, put the field in arable condition and return it to its owner. 63. If he transform waste land into arable fields and return it to its owner, the latter shall pay him for one year ten gur for ten gan. 64. If any one hand over his garden to a gardener to work, the gardener shall pay to its owner two-thirds of the produce of the garden, for so long as he has it in possession, and the other third shall he keep. 65. If the gardener do not work in the garden and the product fall off, the gardener shall pay in proportion to other neighboring gardens. [The text for laws 66 through 99 is missing] 100. Interest for the money, as much as he has received, he shall give a note therefor, and on the day, when they settle, pay to the merchant. 101. If there are no mercantile arrangements in the place whither he went, he shall leave the entire amount of money which he received with the broker to give to the merchant. 102. If a merchant entrust money to an agent (broker) for some investment, and the broker suffer a loss in the place to which he goes, he shall make good the capital to the merchant. 103. If, while on the journey, an enemy takes away from him anything that he had, the broker shall swear by God and be free of obligation. 104. If a merchant give an agent corn, wool, oil, or any other goods to transport, the agent shall give a receipt for the amount, and compensate the merchant therefor. Then he shall obtain a receipt from the merchant for the money that he gives the merchant. 105. If the agent is careless, and does not take a receipt for the money which he gave the merchant, he cannot consider the receipted money as his own. 106. If the agent accept money from the merchant, but have a quarrel with the merchant (denying the receipt), then shall the merchant swear before God and witnesses that he has given this money to the agent, and the agent shall pay him three times the sum. 107. If the merchant cheat the agent, in that as the latter has returned to him all that had been given him, but the merchant denies the receipt of what had been returned to him, then shall this agent convict the merchant before God and the judges, and if he still deny receiving what the agent had given him shall pay six times the sum to the agent. 108. If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept corn according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the corn, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water. 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavern-keeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavern-keeper shall be put to death. 110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. 111. If an inn-keeper furnishes sixty ka of usakani-drink to . . . she shall receive fifty ka of corn at the harvest. 112. If anyone be on a journey and entrust silver, gold, precious stones, or any movable property to another, and wish to recover it from him; if the latter do not bring all of the property to the appointed place, but appropriate it to his own use, then shall this man, who did not bring the property to hand it over, be convicted, and he shall pay fivefold for all that had been entrusted to him. 113. If anyone have consignment of corn or money, and he take from the granary or box without the knowledge of the owner, then shall he who took corn without the knowledge of the owner out of the granary or money out of the box be legally convicted, and repay the corn he has taken. And he shall lose whatever commission was paid to him, or due him. 114. If a man have no claim on another for corn and money, and try to demand it by force, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver in every case. 115. If anyone have a claim for corn or money upon another and imprison him; if the prisoner die in prison a natural death, the case shall go no further. 116. If the prisoner dies in prison from blows or maltreatment, the master of the prisoner shall convict the merchant before the judge. If he was a free-born man, the son of the merchant shall be put to death; if it was a slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina of gold, and all that the master of the prisoner gave he shall forfeit. 117. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free. 118. If he give a male or female slave away for forced labor, and the merchant sublease them, or sell them for money, no objection can be raised. 119. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and he sell the maid servant who has borne him children, for money, the money which the merchant has paid shall be repaid to him by the owner of the slave and she shall be freed. 120. If any one store corn for safe keeping in another person's house, and any harm happen to the corn in storage, or if the owner of the house open the granary and take some of the corn, or if especially he deny that the corn was stored in his house: then the owner of the corn shall claim his corn before God (on oath), and the owner of the house shall pay its owner for all of the corn that he took. 121. If any one store corn in another man's house he shall pay him storage at the rate of one gur for every five ka of corn per year. 122. If anyone gives another silver, gold, or anything else to keep, he shall show everything to some witness, draw up a contract, and then hand it over for safe keeping. 123. If he turns it over for safe keeping without witness or contract, and if he to whom it was given denies it, then he has no legitimate claim. 124. If anyone deliver silver, gold, or anything else to another for safe keeping, before a witness, but he deny it, he shall be brought before a judge, and all that he has denied he shall pay in full. 125. If any one place his property with another for safe keeping, and there, either through thieves or robbers, his property and the property of the other man be lost, the owner of the house, through whose neglect the loss took place, shall compensate the owner for all that was given to him in charge. But the owner of the house shall try to follow up and recover his property, and take it away from the thief. 126. If anyone who has not lost his goods state that they have been lost, and make false claims: if he claims his goods and amount of injury before God, even though he has not lost them, he shall be fully compensated for all his loss claimed. (I.e., the oath is all that is needed.) 127. If anyone "point the finger" (slander) at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) 128. If a man takes a woman to be his wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. 129. If a man's wife be surprised (in flagrante delicto) with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves. 130. If a man violate the wife (betrothed or child-wife) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. 131. If a man bring a charge against one's wife, but she is not surprised with another man, she must take an oath and then may return to her house. 132. If the "finger is pointed" at a man's wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband. 133. If a man is taken prisoner in war, and there is sustenance in his house, but his wife leave house and court, and go to another house: because this wife did not keep her court, and went to another house, she shall be judicially condemned and thrown into the water. 134. If anyone be captured in war and there is not sustenance in his house, if then his wife go to another house this woman shall be held blameless. 135. If a man be taken prisoner in war and there be no sustenance in his house and his wife go to another house and bear children; and if later her husband return and come to his home: then this wife shall return to her husband, but the children follow their father. 136. If anyone leave his house, run away, and then his wife go to another house, if then he return, and wishes to take his wife back: because he fled from his home and ran away, the wife of this runaway shall not return to her husband. 137. If a man wishes to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her dowry, and a part of the usufruct of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart. 138. If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her purchase money and the dowry which she brought from her father's house, and let her go. 139. If there was no purchase price he shall give her one mina of gold as a gift of release. 140. If he be a freed man he shall give her one-third of a mina of gold. 141. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offers her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as servant in her husband's house. 142. If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house. 143. .If she have not been a careful mistress, have gadded about, have neglected her house and have belittled her husband, that woman shall be thrown into the water. 144. If a man take a wife and this woman give her husband a maid-servant, and she bear him children, but this man wishes to take another wife, this shall not be permitted to him; he shall not take a second wife. 145. If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife. 146. If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants. 147. If she has not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money. 148. If a man take a wife, and she be seized by disease, if he then desire to take a second wife he shall not put away his wife, who has been attacked by disease, but he shall keep her in the house which he has built and support her so long as she lives. 149. If this woman does not wish to remain in her husband's house, then he shall compensate her for the dowry that she brought with her from her father's house, and she may go. 150. If a man give his wife a field, garden, and house and a deed therefor, if then after the death of her husband the sons raise no claim, then the mother may bequeath all to one of her sons whom she prefers, and need leave nothing to his brothers. 151. If a woman who lived in a man's house made an agreement with her husband, that no creditor can arrest her, and has given a document therefor: if that man, before he married that woman, had a debt, the creditor cannot hold the woman for it. But if the woman, before she entered the man's house, had contracted a debt, her creditor cannot arrest her husband therefor. 152. If after the woman had entered the man's house, both contracted a debt, both must pay the merchant. 153. If the wife of one man on account of another man has their mates (her husband and the other man's wife) murdered, both of them shall be impaled. 154. If a man be guilty of incest with his daughter, he shall be driven from the place (exiled). 155. If a man betroths a girl to his son, and his son has intercourse with her, but he (the father) afterward defile her, and be surprised, then he shall be bound and cast into the water (drowned). 156. If a man betroths a girl to his son, but his son has not known her, and if then he defile her, he shall pay her half a gold mina, and compensate her for all that she brought out of her father's house. She may marry the man of her heart. 157. If anyone be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned. 158. If anyone be surprised after his father with his chief wife, who has borne children, he shall be driven out of his father's house. 159. If anyone, who has brought chattels into his father-in-law's house, and has paid the purchase-money, looks for another wife, and says to his father-in-law: "I do not want your daughter," the girl's father may keep all that he had brought. 160. If a man brings chattels into the house of his father-in-law, and pays the "purchase price" (for his wife): if then the father of the girl say: "I will not give you my daughter," he shall give him back all that he brought with him. 161. If a man brings chattels into his father-in-law's house and pay the "purchase price," if then his friend slanders him, and his father-in-law say to the young husband: "You shall not marry my daughter," the he shall give back to him undiminished all that he had brought with him; but his wife shall not be married to the friend. 162. If a man marry a woman, and she bear sons to him; if then this woman die, then shall her father have no claim on her dowry; this belongs to her sons. 163. If a man marry a woman and she bear him no sons; if then this woman die, if the "purchase price" which he had paid into the house of his father-in-law is repaid to him, her husband shall have no claim upon the dowry of this woman; it belongs to her father' house. 164. If his father-in-law do not pay back to him the amount of the "purchase price" he may subtract the amount of the "Purchase price" from the dowry, and then pay the remainder to her father's house. 165. If a man give to one of his sons whom he prefers a field, garden, and house, and a deed therefor: if later the father die, and the brothers divide the estate, then they shall first give him the present of his father, and he shall accept it; and the rest of the paternal property shall they divide. 166. If a man take wives for his son, but take no wife for his minor son, and if then he die: if the sons divide the estate, they shall set aside besides his portion the money for the "purchase price" for the minor brother who had taken no wife as yet, and secure a wife for him. 167. If a man marry a wife and she bear him children: if this wife die and he then take another wife and she bear him children: if then the father die the sons must not partition the estate according to the mothers, they shall divide the dowries of their mothers only in this way; the paternal estate they shall divide equally with one another. 168. If a man wish to put his son out of his house, and declare before the judge: "I want to put my son out," then the judge shall examine into his reasons. If the son be guilty of no great fault, for which he can be rightfully put out, the father shall not put him out. 169. If he be guilty of a grave fault, which should rightfully deprive him of the filial relationship, the father shall forgive him the first time; but if he be guilty of a grave fault a second time the father may deprive his son of all filial relation. 170. If his wife bear sons to a man, or his maid-servant have borne sons, and the father while still living says to the children whom his maid-servant has borne: "My sons," and he count them with the sons of his wife; if then the father die, then the sons of the wife and of the maid-servant shall divide the paternal property in common. The son of the wife is to partition and choose. 171. If, however, the father while still living did not say to the sons of the maid-servant: "My sons," and then the father dies, then the sons of the maid-servant shall not share with the sons of the wife, but the freedom of the maid and her sons shall be granted. The sons of the wife shall have no right to enslave the sons of the maid; the wife shall take her dowry (from her father), and the gift that her husband gave her and deeded to her (separate from dowry, or the purchase-money paid her father), and live in the home of her husband: so long as she lives she shall use it, it shall not be sold for money. Whatever she leaves shall belong to her children. 172. If her husband made her no gift, she shall be compensated for her gift, and she shall receive a portion from the estate of her husband, equal to that of one child. If her sons oppress her, to force her out of the house, the judge shall examine into the matter, and if the sons are at fault the woman shall not leave her husband's house. If the woman desires to leave the house, she must leave to her sons the gift which her husband gave her, but she may take the dowry of her father's house. Then she may marry the man of her heart. 173. If this woman bears sons to her second husband, in the place to which she went, and then die, her earlier and later sons shall divide the dowry between them. 174. If she bears no sons to her second husband, the sons of her first husband shall have the dowry. 175. If a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry the daughter of a free man, and children are born, the master of the slave shall have no right to enslave the children of the free. 176. If, however, a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry a man's daughter, and after he marries her she bring a dowry from a father's house, if then they both enjoy it and found a household, and accumulate means, if then the slave die, then she who was free born may take her dowry, and all that her husband and she had earned; she shall divide them into two parts, one-half the master for the slave shall take, and the other half shall the free-born woman take for her children. If the free-born woman had no gift she shall take all that her husband and she had earned and divide it into two parts; and the master of the slave shall take one-half and she shall take the other for her children. 177. If a widow, whose children are not grown, wishes to enter another house (remarry), she shall not enter it without the knowledge of the judge. If she enters another house the judge shall examine the state of the house of her first husband. Then the house of her first husband shall be entrusted to the second husband and the woman herself as managers. And a record must be made thereof. She shall keep the house in order, bring up the children, and not sell the house-hold utensils. He who buys the utensils of the children of a widow shall lose his money, and the goods shall return to their owners. 178. If a "devoted woman" or a prostitute to whom her father has given a dowry and a deed therefor, but if in this deed it is not stated that she may bequeath it as she pleases, and has not explicitly stated that she has the right of disposal; if then her father die, then her brothers shall hold her field and garden, and give her corn, oil, and milk according to her portion, and satisfy her. If her brothers do not give her corn, oil, and milk according to her share, then her field and garden shall support her. She shall have the usufruct of field and garden and all that her father gave her so long as she lives, but she cannot sell or assign it to others. Her position of inheritance belongs to her brothers. 179. If a "sister of a god," or a prostitute, receive a gift from her father, and a deed in which it has been explicitly stated that she may dispose of it as she pleases, and give her complete disposition thereof: if then her father die, then she may leave her property to whomsoever she pleases. Her brothers can raise no claim thereto. 180. If a father give a present to his daughter -- either marriageable or a prostitute (unmarriageable) -- and then die, then she is to receive a portion as a child from the paternal estate, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 181. If a father devote a temple-maid or temple-virgin to God and give her no present: if then the father die, she shall receive the third of a child's portion from the inheritance of her father's house, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 182. If a father devote his daughter as a wife of Mardi of Babylon (as in 181), and give her no present, nor a deed; if then her father die, then shall she receive one-third of her portion as a child of her father's house from her brothers, but Marduk may leave her estate to whomsoever she wishes. 183. If a man gives his daughter by a concubine a dowry, and a husband, and a deed; if then her father dies, she shall receive no portion from the paternal estate. 184. If a man do not give a dowry to his daughter by a concubine, and no husband; if then her father die, her brother shall give her a dowry according to her father's wealth and secure a husband for her. 185. If a man adopt a child and to his name as son, and rear him, this grown son cannot be demanded back again. 186. If a man adopt a son, and if after he has taken him he injure his foster father and mother, then this adopted son shall return to his father's house. 187. The son of a paramour in the palace service, or of a prostitute, cannot be demanded back. 188. If an artisan has undertaken to rear a child and teaches him his craft, he cannot be demanded back. 189. If he has not taught him his craft, this adopted son may return to his father's house. 190. If a man does not maintain a child that he has adopted as a son and reared with his other children, then his adopted son may return to his father's house. 191. If a man, who had adopted a son and reared him, founded a household, and had children, wish to put this adopted son out, then this son shall not simply go his way. His adoptive father shall give him of his wealth one-third of a child's portion, and then he may go. He shall not give him of the field, garden, and house. 192. If a son of a paramour or a prostitute say to his adoptive father or mother: "You are not my father, or my mother," his tongue shall be cut off. 193. If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out. 194. If a man gives his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off. 195. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197. If he breaks another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198. If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199. If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. 201. If he knocks out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina. 202. If any one strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. 203. If a free-born man strikes the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. 204. If a freed man strikes the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money. 205. If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. 206. If during a quarrel one man strike another and wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure him wittingly," and pay the physicians. 207. If the man dies of his wound, he shall swear similarly, and if he (the deceased) was a free-born man, he shall pay half a mina in money. 208. If he was a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 209. If a man strikes a free-born woman so that she loses her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. 210. If the woman dies, his daughter shall be put to death. 211. If a woman of the free class loses her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money. 212. If this woman dies, he shall pay half a mina. 213. If he strikes the maid-servant of a man, and she loses her child, he shall pay two shekels in money. 214. If this maid-servant dies, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 215. If a physician make a large incision with an operating knife and cure it, or if he open a tumor (over the eye) with an operating knife, and saves the eye, he shall receive ten shekels in money. 216. If the patient be a freed man, he receives five shekels. 217. If he be the slave of someone, his owner shall give the physician two shekels. 218. If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. 219. If a physician make a large incision in the slave of a freed man, and kill him, he shall replace the slave with another slave. 220. If he had opened a tumor with the operating knife, and put out his eye, he shall pay half his value. 221. If a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money. 222. If he were a freed man he shall pay three shekels. 223. If he were a slave his owner shall pay the physician two shekels. 224. If a veterinary surgeon perform a serious operation on an ass or an ox, and cure it, the owner shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee. 225. If he perform a serious operation on an ass or ox, and kill it, he shall pay the owner one-fourth of its value. 226. If a barber, without the knowledge of his master, cut the sign of a slave on a slave not to be sold, the hands of this barber shall be cut off. 227. If anyone deceive a barber, and have him mark a slave not for sale with the sign of a slave, he shall be put to death, and buried in his house. The barber shall swear: "I did not mark him wittingly," and shall be guiltless. 228. If a builder build a house for someone and complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface. 229. If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. 230. If it kills the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death. 231. If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house. 232. If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means. 233. If a builder build a house for someone, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means. 234. If a shipbuilder builds a boat of sixty gur for a man, he shall pay him a fee of two shekels in money. 235. If a shipbuilder build a boat for someone, and do not make it tight, if during that same year that boat is sent away and suffers injury, the shipbuilder shall take the boat apart and put it together tight at his own expense. The tight boat he shall give to the boat owner. 236. If a man rent his boat to a sailor, and the sailor is careless, and the boat is wrecked or goes aground, the sailor shall give the owner of the boat another boat as compensation. 237. If a man hire a sailor and his boat, and provide it with corn, clothing, oil and dates, and other things of the kind needed for fitting it: if the sailor is careless, the boat is wrecked, and its contents ruined, then the sailor shall compensate for the boat which was wrecked and all in it that he ruined. 238. If a sailor wreck any one's ship, but saves it, he shall pay the half of its value in money. 239. If a man hires a sailor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 240. If a merchantman run against a ferryboat, and wreck it, the master of the ship that was wrecked shall seek justice before God; the master of the merchantman, which wrecked the ferryboat, must compensate the owner for the boat and all that he ruined. 241. If anyone impresses an ox for forced labor, he shall pay one-third of a mina in money. 242. If anyone hires oxen for a year, he shall pay four gur of corn for plow-oxen. 243. As rent of herd cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. 244. If anyone hires an ox or an ass, and a lion kill it in the field, the loss is upon its owner. 245. If anyone hire oxen, and kill them by bad treatment or blows, he shall compensate the owner, oxen for oxen. 246. If a man hire an ox and he break its leg or cut the ligament of its neck, he shall compensate the owner with ox for ox. 247. If anyone hire an ox, and put out its eye, he shall pay the owner one-half of its value. 248. If anyone hire an ox, and break off a horn, or cut off its tail, or hurt its muzzle, he shall pay one-fourth of its value in money. 249. If anyone hire an ox, and God strike it that it die, the man who hired it shall swear by God and be considered guiltless. 250. If while an ox is passing on the street (market) someone push it, and kill it, the owner can set up no claim in the suit (against the hirer). 251. If an ox is a goring ox, and it shown that he is a gorer, and he do not bind his horns, or fasten the ox up and the ox gore a free-born man and kill him, the owner shall pay one-half a mina in money. 252. If he kills a man's slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 253. If anyone agree with another to tend his field, give him seed, entrust a yoke of oxen to him, and bind him to cultivate the field, if he steal the corn or plants, and take them for himself, his hands shall be hewn off. 254. If he take the seed-corn for himself, and do not use the yoke of oxen, he shall compensate him for the amount of the seed-corn. 255. If he sublet the man's yoke of oxen or steals the seed-corn, planting nothing in the field, he shall be convicted, and for each one hundred gan he shall pay sixty gur of corn. 256. If his community will not pay for him, then he shall be placed in that field with the cattle (at work). 257. If anyone hires a field laborer, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per year. 258. If anyone hires an ox-driver, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 259. If anyone steals a water-wheel from the field, he shall pay five shekels in money to its owner. 260. If anyone steals a shadduf (used to draw water from the river or canal) or a plow, he shall pay three shekels in money. 261. If anyone hires a herdsman for cattle or sheep, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per annum. 262. If anyone, a cow or a sheep . . . 263. If a man kills the cattle or sheep that were given to him, he shall compensate the owner with cattle for cattle and sheep for sheep. 264. If a herdsman, to whom cattle or sheep have been entrusted for watching over, and who has received his wages as agreed upon, and is satisfied, diminish the number of the cattle or sheep, or make the increase by birth less, he shall make good the increase or profit which was lost in the terms of settlement. 265. If a herdsman, to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss. 266. If the animal be killed in the stable by God (an accident), or if a lion kill it, the herdsman shall declare his innocence before God, and the accident in the stable. 267. If the herdsman overlook something and an accident happen in the stable, then the herdsman is at fault for the accident which he has caused in the stable, and he must compensate the owner for the cattle or sheep. 268. If anyone hires an ox for threshing, the amount of the hire is twenty ka of corn. 269. If he hires an ass for threshing, the hire is twenty ka of corn. 270. If he hires a young animal for threshing, the hire is ten ka of corn. 271. If anyone hires oxen, cart and driver, he shall pay one hundred and eighty ka of corn per day. 272. If anyone hires a cart alone, he shall pay forty ka of corn per day. 273. If anyone hire a day laborer, he shall pay him from the New Year until the fifth month (April to August, when days are long and the work hard) six gerahs in money per day; from the sixth month to the end of the year he shall give him five gerahs per day. 274. If anyone hire a skilled artisan, he shall pay as wages of the . . . five gerahs, as wages of the potter five gerahs, of a tailor five gerahs, of . . . gerahs, . . . of a rope maker four gerahs, of . . . gerahs, of a mason . . . gerahs per day. 275. If anyone hire a ferryboat, he shall pay three gerahs in money per day. 276. If he hires a freight-boat, he shall pay two and one-half gerahs per day. 277. If anyone hires a ship of sixty gur, he shall pay one-sixth of a shekel in money as its hire per day. 278. If anyone buy a male or female slave, and before a month has elapsed the benu-disease be developed, he shall return the slave to the seller, and receive the money which he had paid. 279. If anyone by a male or female slave and a third party claim it, the seller is liable for the claim. 280. If while in a foreign country a man buy a male or female slave belonging to another of his own country; if when he return home the owner of the male or female slave recognize it: if the male or female slave be a native of the country, he shall give them back without any money. 281. If they are from another country, the buyer shall declare the amount of money paid therefor to the merchant, and keep the male or female slave. 282. If a slave says to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear.

What is the definition of Hammurabi's code?

The Prologue When Anu the Sublime, King of the Anunaki, and Bel, the lord of Heaven and earth, who decreed the fate of the land, assigned to Marduk, the over-ruling son of Ea, God of righteousness, dominion over earthly man, and made him great among the Igigi, they called Babylon by his illustrious name, made it great on earth, and founded an everlasting kingdom in it, whose foundations are laid so solidly as those of heaven and earth; then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. Hammurabi, the prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase, enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and purified the worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of the world, made great the name of Babylon, rejoiced the heart of Marduk, his lord who daily pays his devotions in Saggil; the royal scion whom Sin made; who enriched Ur; the humble, the reverent, who brings wealth to Gish-shir-gal; the white king, heard of Shamash, the mighty, who again laid the foundations of Sippara; who clothed the gravestones of Malkat with green; who made E-babbar great, which is like the heavens, the warrior who guarded Larsa and renewed E-babbar, with Shamash as his helper; the lord who granted new life to Uruk, who brought plenteous water to its inhabitants, raised the head of E-anna, and perfected the beauty of Anu and Nana;shield of the land, who reunited the scattered inhabitants of Isin; who richly endowed E-gal-mach; the protecting king of the city, brother of the god Zamama; who firmly founded the farms of Kish, crowned E-me-te-ursag with glory, redoubled the great holy treasures of Nana, managed the temple of Harsag-kalama; the grave of the enemy, whose help brought about the victory; who increased the power of Cuthah; made all glorious in E-shidlam, the black steer, who gored the enemy; beloved of the god Nebo, who rejoiced the inhabitants of Borsippa, the Sublime; who is indefatigable for E-zida; the divine king of the city; the White, Wise; who broadened the fields of Dilbat, who heaped up the harvests for Urash; the Mighty, the lord to whom come scepter and crown, with which he clothes himself; the Elect of Ma-ma; who fixed the temple bounds of Kesh, who made rich the holy feasts of Nin-tu; the provident, solicitous, who provided food and drink for Lagash and Girsu, who provided large sacrificial offerings for the temple of Ningirsu; who captured the enemy, the Elect of the oracle who fulfilled the prediction of Hallab, who rejoiced the heart of Anunit; the pure prince, whose prayer is accepted by Adad; who satisfied the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar, who restored the vessels for worship in E-ud-gal-gal; the king who granted life to the city of Adab; the guide of E-mach; the princely king of the city, the irresistible warrior, who granted life to the inhabitants of Mashkanshabri, and brought abundance to the temple of Shidlam; the White, Potent, who penetrated the secret cave of the bandits, saved the inhabitants of Malka from misfortune, and fixed their home fast in wealth; who established pure sacrificial gifts for Ea and Dam-gal-nun-na, who made his kingdom everlastingly great; the princely king of the city, who subjected the districts on the Ud-kib-nun-na Canal to the sway of Dagon, his Creator; who spared the inhabitants of Mera and Tutul; the sublime prince, who makes the face of Ninni shine; who presents holy meals to the divinity of Nin-a-zu, who cared for its inhabitants in their need, provided a portion for them in Babylon in peace; the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves; whose deeds aind favor before Anunit, who provided for Anunit in the temple of Dumash in the suburb of Agade; who recognizes the right, who rules by law; who gave back to the city of Ashur its protecting god; who let the name of Ishtar of Nineveh remain in E-mish-mish; the Sublime, who humbles himself before the great gods; successor of Sumula-il; the mighty son of Sin-muballit; the royal scion of Eternity; the mighty monarch, the sun of Babylon, whose rays shed light over the land of Sumer and Akkad; the king, obeyed by the four quarters of the world; Beloved of Ninni, am I. When Marduk sent me to rule over men, to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and in righteousness brought about the well-being of the oppressed. 1. If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. 2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. 3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. 4. If he satisfy the elders to impose a fine of grain or money, he shall receive the fine that the action produces. 5. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgement. 6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. 7. If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death. 8. If any one steal cattle or sheep, or an ass, or a pig or a goat if it belong to a god or to the court, the thief shall pay thirtyfold therefore; if they belonged to a freed man of the king he shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. 9. If any one lose an article, and find it in the possession of another: if the person in whose possession the thing is found say "A merchant sold it to me, I paid for it before witnesses," and if the owner of the thing say, "I will bring witnesses who know my property," then shall the purchaser bring the merchant who sold it to him, and the witnesses before whom he bought it, and the owner shall bring witnesses who can identify his property. The judge shall examine their testimony -- both of the witnesses before whom the price was paid, and of the witnesses who identify the lost article on oath. The merchant is then proved to be a thief and shall be put to death. The owner of the lost article receives his property, and he who bought it receives the money he paid from the estate of the merchant. 10. If the purchaser does not bring the merchant and the witnesses before whom he bought the article, but its owner bring witnesses who identify it, then the buyer is the thief and shall be put to death, and the owner receive the lost article. 11. If the owner do not bring witnesses to identify the lost article, he is an evil-doer, he has traduced, and shall be put to death. 12. If the witnesses be not at hand, then shall the judge set a limit, at the expiration of six months. If his witnesses have not appeared within the six months, he is an evil-doer, and shall bear the fine of the pending case. 13. unlucky or evil number so no rule was written here. 14. If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death. 15. If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death. 16. If any one receive into his house a runaway male or female slave of the court, or of a freedman, and does not bring it out at the public proclamation of the major domus, the master of the house shall be put to death. 17. If any one find runaway male or female slaves in the open country and bring them to their masters, the master of the slaves shall pay him two shekels of silver. 18. If the slave will not give the name of the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must follow, and the slave shall be returned to his master. 19. If he hold the slaves in his house, and they are caught there, he shall be put to death. 20. If the slave that he caught run away from him, then shall he swear to the owners of the slave, and he is free of all blame. 21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. 22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. 23. If the robber is not caught, then shall he who was robbed claim under oath the amount of his loss; then shall the community, and . . . on whose ground and territory and in whose domain it was compensate him for the goods stolen. 24. If persons are stolen, then shall the community and . . . pay one mina of silver to their relatives. 25. If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire. 26. If a chieftain or a man (common soldier), who has been ordered to go upon the king's highway for war does not go, but hires a mercenary, if he withholds the compensation, then shall this officer or man be put to death, and he who represented him shall take possession of his house. 27. If a chieftain or man be caught in the misfortune of the king (captured in battle), and if his fields and garden be given to another and he take possession, if he return and reaches his place, his field and garden shall be returned to him, he shall take it over again. 28. If a chieftain or a man be caught in the misfortune of a king, if his son is able to enter into possession, then the field and garden shall be given to him, he shall take over the fee of his father. 29. If his son is still young, and can not take possession, a third of the field and garden shall be given to his mother, and she shall bring him up. 30. If a chieftain or a man leave his house, garden, and field and hires it out, and some one else takes possession of his house, garden, and field and uses it for three years: if the first owner return and claims his house, garden, and field, it shall not be given to him, but he who has taken possession of it and used it shall continue to use it. 31. If he hire it out for one year and then return, the house, garden, and field shall be given back to him, and he shall take it over again. 32. If a chieftain or a man is captured on the "Way of the King" (in war), and a merchant buy him free, and bring him back to his place; if he have the means in his house to buy his freedom, he shall buy himself free: if he have nothing in his house with which to buy himself free, he shall be bought free by the temple of his community; if there be nothing in the temple with which to buy him free, the court shall buy his freedom. His field, garden, and house shall not be given for the purchase of his freedom. 33. If a . . . or a . . . enter himself as withdrawn from the "Way of the King," and send a mercenary as substitute, but withdraw him, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 34. If a ... or a ... harm the property of a captain, injure the captain, or take away from the captain a gift presented to him by the king, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 35. If any one buy the cattle or sheep which the king has given to chieftains from him, he loses his money. 36. The field, garden, and house of a chieftain, of a man, or of one subject to quit-rent, can not be sold. 37. If any one buy the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, his contract tablet of sale shall be broken (declared invalid) and he loses his money. The field, garden, and house return to their owners. 38. A chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent can not assign his tenure of field, house, and garden to his wife or daughter, nor can he assign it for a debt. 39. He may, however, assign a field, garden, or house which he has bought, and holds as property, to his wife or daughter or give it for debt. 40. He may sell field, garden, and house to a merchant (royal agents) or to any other public official, the buyer holding field, house, and garden for its usufruct. 41. If any one fence in the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, furnishing the palings therefor; if the chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent return to field, garden, and house, the palings which were given to him become his property. 42. If any one take over a field to till it, and obtain no harvest therefrom, it must be proved that he did no work on the field, and he must deliver grain, just as his neighbor raised, to the owner of the field. 43. If he do not till the field, but let it lie fallow, he shall give grain like his neighbor's to the owner of the field, and the field which he let lie fallow he must plow and sow and return to its owner. 44. If any one take over a waste-lying field to make it arable, but is lazy, and does not make it arable, he shall plow the fallow field in the fourth year, harrow it and till it, and give it back to its owner, and for each ten gan (a measure of area) ten gur of grain shall be paid. 45. If a man rent his field for tillage for a fixed rental, and receive the rent of his field, but bad weather come and destroy the harvest, the injury falls upon the tiller of the soil. 46. If he do not receive a fixed rental for his field, but lets it on half or third shares of the harvest, the grain on the field shall be divided proportionately between the tiller and the owner. 47. If the tiller, because he did not succeed in the first year, has had the soil tilled by others, the owner may raise no objection; the field has been cultivated and he receives the harvest according to agreement. 48. If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year. 49. If any one take money from a merchant, and give the merchant a field tillable for corn or sesame and order him to plant corn or sesame in the field, and to harvest the crop; if the cultivator plant corn or sesame in the field, at the harvest the corn or sesame that is in the field shall belong to the owner of the field and he shall pay corn as rent, for the money he received from the merchant, and the livelihood of the cultivator shall he give to the merchant. 50. If he give a cultivated corn-field or a cultivated sesame-field, the corn or sesame in the field shall belong to the owner of the field, and he shall return the money to the merchant as rent. 51. If he have no money to repay, then he shall pay in corn or sesame in place of the money as rent for what he received from the merchant, according to the royal tariff. 52. If the cultivator does not plant corn or sesame in the field, the debtor's contract is not weakened. 53. If anyone be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 54. If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded. 55. If anyone open his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water flood the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss. 56. If a man let in the water and the water overflow the plantation of his neighbor, he shall pay ten gur of corn for every ten gan of land. 57. If a shepherd, without the permission of the owner of the field, and without the knowledge of the owner of the sheep, lets the sheep into a field to graze, then the owner of the field shall harvest his crop, and the shepherd, who had pastured his flock there without permission of the owner of the field, shall pay to the owner twenty gur of corn for every ten gan. 58. If after the flocks have left the pasture and been shut up in the common fold at the city gate, any shepherd let them into a field and they graze there, this shepherd shall take possession of the field which he has allowed to be grazed on, and at the harvest he must pay sixty gur of corn for every ten gan. 59. If any man, without the knowledge of the owner of a garden, fell a tree in a garden he shall pay half a mina in money. 60. If anyone give over a field to a gardener, for him to plant it as a garden, if he work at it, and care for it for four years, in the fifth year the owner and the gardener shall divide it, the owner taking his part in charge. 61. If the gardener has not completed the planting of the field, leaving one part unused, this shall be assigned to him as his. 62. If he do not plant the field that was given over to him as a garden, if it be arable land (for corn or sesame) the gardener shall pay the owner the produce of the field for the years that he let it lie fallow, according to the product of neighboring fields, put the field in arable condition and return it to its owner. 63. If he transform waste land into arable fields and return it to its owner, the latter shall pay him for one year ten gur for ten gan. 64. If any one hand over his garden to a gardener to work, the gardener shall pay to its owner two-thirds of the produce of the garden, for so long as he has it in possession, and the other third shall he keep. 65. If the gardener do not work in the garden and the product fall off, the gardener shall pay in proportion to other neighboring gardens. [The text for laws 66 through 99 is missing] 100. Interest for the money, as much as he has received, he shall give a note therefor, and on the day, when they settle, pay to the merchant. 101. If there are no mercantile arrangements in the place whither he went, he shall leave the entire amount of money which he received with the broker to give to the merchant. 102. If a merchant entrust money to an agent (broker) for some investment, and the broker suffer a loss in the place to which he goes, he shall make good the capital to the merchant. 103. If, while on the journey, an enemy takes away from him anything that he had, the broker shall swear by God and be free of obligation. 104. If a merchant give an agent corn, wool, oil, or any other goods to transport, the agent shall give a receipt for the amount, and compensate the merchant therefor. Then he shall obtain a receipt from the merchant for the money that he gives the merchant. 105. If the agent is careless, and does not take a receipt for the money which he gave the merchant, he cannot consider the receipted money as his own. 106. If the agent accept money from the merchant, but have a quarrel with the merchant (denying the receipt), then shall the merchant swear before God and witnesses that he has given this money to the agent, and the agent shall pay him three times the sum. 107. If the merchant cheat the agent, in that as the latter has returned to him all that had been given him, but the merchant denies the receipt of what had been returned to him, then shall this agent convict the merchant before God and the judges, and if he still deny receiving what the agent had given him shall pay six times the sum to the agent. 108. If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept corn according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the corn, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water. 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavern-keeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavern-keeper shall be put to death. 110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. 111. If an inn-keeper furnishes sixty ka of usakani-drink to . . . she shall receive fifty ka of corn at the harvest. 112. If anyone be on a journey and entrust silver, gold, precious stones, or any movable property to another, and wish to recover it from him; if the latter do not bring all of the property to the appointed place, but appropriate it to his own use, then shall this man, who did not bring the property to hand it over, be convicted, and he shall pay fivefold for all that had been entrusted to him. 113. If anyone have consignment of corn or money, and he take from the granary or box without the knowledge of the owner, then shall he who took corn without the knowledge of the owner out of the granary or money out of the box be legally convicted, and repay the corn he has taken. And he shall lose whatever commission was paid to him, or due him. 114. If a man have no claim on another for corn and money, and try to demand it by force, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver in every case. 115. If anyone have a claim for corn or money upon another and imprison him; if the prisoner die in prison a natural death, the case shall go no further. 116. If the prisoner dies in prison from blows or maltreatment, the master of the prisoner shall convict the merchant before the judge. If he was a free-born man, the son of the merchant shall be put to death; if it was a slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina of gold, and all that the master of the prisoner gave he shall forfeit. 117. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free. 118. If he give a male or female slave away for forced labor, and the merchant sublease them, or sell them for money, no objection can be raised. 119. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and he sell the maid servant who has borne him children, for money, the money which the merchant has paid shall be repaid to him by the owner of the slave and she shall be freed. 120. If any one store corn for safe keeping in another person's house, and any harm happen to the corn in storage, or if the owner of the house open the granary and take some of the corn, or if especially he deny that the corn was stored in his house: then the owner of the corn shall claim his corn before God (on oath), and the owner of the house shall pay its owner for all of the corn that he took. 121. If any one store corn in another man's house he shall pay him storage at the rate of one gur for every five ka of corn per year. 122. If anyone gives another silver, gold, or anything else to keep, he shall show everything to some witness, draw up a contract, and then hand it over for safe keeping. 123. If he turns it over for safe keeping without witness or contract, and if he to whom it was given denies it, then he has no legitimate claim. 124. If anyone deliver silver, gold, or anything else to another for safe keeping, before a witness, but he deny it, he shall be brought before a judge, and all that he has denied he shall pay in full. 125. If any one place his property with another for safe keeping, and there, either through thieves or robbers, his property and the property of the other man be lost, the owner of the house, through whose neglect the loss took place, shall compensate the owner for all that was given to him in charge. But the owner of the house shall try to follow up and recover his property, and take it away from the thief. 126. If anyone who has not lost his goods state that they have been lost, and make false claims: if he claims his goods and amount of injury before God, even though he has not lost them, he shall be fully compensated for all his loss claimed. (I.e., the oath is all that is needed.) 127. If anyone "point the finger" (slander) at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) 128. If a man takes a woman to be his wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. 129. If a man's wife be surprised (in flagrante delicto) with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves. 130. If a man violate the wife (betrothed or child-wife) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. 131. If a man bring a charge against one's wife, but she is not surprised with another man, she must take an oath and then may return to her house. 132. If the "finger is pointed" at a man's wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband. 133. If a man is taken prisoner in war, and there is sustenance in his house, but his wife leave house and court, and go to another house: because this wife did not keep her court, and went to another house, she shall be judicially condemned and thrown into the water. 134. If anyone be captured in war and there is not sustenance in his house, if then his wife go to another house this woman shall be held blameless. 135. If a man be taken prisoner in war and there be no sustenance in his house and his wife go to another house and bear children; and if later her husband return and come to his home: then this wife shall return to her husband, but the children follow their father. 136. If anyone leave his house, run away, and then his wife go to another house, if then he return, and wishes to take his wife back: because he fled from his home and ran away, the wife of this runaway shall not return to her husband. 137. If a man wishes to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her dowry, and a part of the usufruct of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart. 138. If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her purchase money and the dowry which she brought from her father's house, and let her go. 139. If there was no purchase price he shall give her one mina of gold as a gift of release. 140. If he be a freed man he shall give her one-third of a mina of gold. 141. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offers her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as servant in her husband's house. 142. If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house. 143. .If she have not been a careful mistress, have gadded about, have neglected her house and have belittled her husband, that woman shall be thrown into the water. 144. If a man take a wife and this woman give her husband a maid-servant, and she bear him children, but this man wishes to take another wife, this shall not be permitted to him; he shall not take a second wife. 145. If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife. 146. If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants. 147. If she has not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money. 148. If a man take a wife, and she be seized by disease, if he then desire to take a second wife he shall not put away his wife, who has been attacked by disease, but he shall keep her in the house which he has built and support her so long as she lives. 149. If this woman does not wish to remain in her husband's house, then he shall compensate her for the dowry that she brought with her from her father's house, and she may go. 150. If a man give his wife a field, garden, and house and a deed therefor, if then after the death of her husband the sons raise no claim, then the mother may bequeath all to one of her sons whom she prefers, and need leave nothing to his brothers. 151. If a woman who lived in a man's house made an agreement with her husband, that no creditor can arrest her, and has given a document therefor: if that man, before he married that woman, had a debt, the creditor cannot hold the woman for it. But if the woman, before she entered the man's house, had contracted a debt, her creditor cannot arrest her husband therefor. 152. If after the woman had entered the man's house, both contracted a debt, both must pay the merchant. 153. If the wife of one man on account of another man has their mates (her husband and the other man's wife) murdered, both of them shall be impaled. 154. If a man be guilty of incest with his daughter, he shall be driven from the place (exiled). 155. If a man betroths a girl to his son, and his son has intercourse with her, but he (the father) afterward defile her, and be surprised, then he shall be bound and cast into the water (drowned). 156. If a man betroths a girl to his son, but his son has not known her, and if then he defile her, he shall pay her half a gold mina, and compensate her for all that she brought out of her father's house. She may marry the man of her heart. 157. If anyone be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned. 158. If anyone be surprised after his father with his chief wife, who has borne children, he shall be driven out of his father's house. 159. If anyone, who has brought chattels into his father-in-law's house, and has paid the purchase-money, looks for another wife, and says to his father-in-law: "I do not want your daughter," the girl's father may keep all that he had brought. 160. If a man brings chattels into the house of his father-in-law, and pays the "purchase price" (for his wife): if then the father of the girl say: "I will not give you my daughter," he shall give him back all that he brought with him. 161. If a man brings chattels into his father-in-law's house and pay the "purchase price," if then his friend slanders him, and his father-in-law say to the young husband: "You shall not marry my daughter," the he shall give back to him undiminished all that he had brought with him; but his wife shall not be married to the friend. 162. If a man marry a woman, and she bear sons to him; if then this woman die, then shall her father have no claim on her dowry; this belongs to her sons. 163. If a man marry a woman and she bear him no sons; if then this woman die, if the "purchase price" which he had paid into the house of his father-in-law is repaid to him, her husband shall have no claim upon the dowry of this woman; it belongs to her father' house. 164. If his father-in-law do not pay back to him the amount of the "purchase price" he may subtract the amount of the "Purchase price" from the dowry, and then pay the remainder to her father's house. 165. If a man give to one of his sons whom he prefers a field, garden, and house, and a deed therefor: if later the father die, and the brothers divide the estate, then they shall first give him the present of his father, and he shall accept it; and the rest of the paternal property shall they divide. 166. If a man take wives for his son, but take no wife for his minor son, and if then he die: if the sons divide the estate, they shall set aside besides his portion the money for the "purchase price" for the minor brother who had taken no wife as yet, and secure a wife for him. 167. If a man marry a wife and she bear him children: if this wife die and he then take another wife and she bear him children: if then the father die the sons must not partition the estate according to the mothers, they shall divide the dowries of their mothers only in this way; the paternal estate they shall divide equally with one another. 168. If a man wish to put his son out of his house, and declare before the judge: "I want to put my son out," then the judge shall examine into his reasons. If the son be guilty of no great fault, for which he can be rightfully put out, the father shall not put him out. 169. If he be guilty of a grave fault, which should rightfully deprive him of the filial relationship, the father shall forgive him the first time; but if he be guilty of a grave fault a second time the father may deprive his son of all filial relation. 170. If his wife bear sons to a man, or his maid-servant have borne sons, and the father while still living says to the children whom his maid-servant has borne: "My sons," and he count them with the sons of his wife; if then the father die, then the sons of the wife and of the maid-servant shall divide the paternal property in common. The son of the wife is to partition and choose. 171. If, however, the father while still living did not say to the sons of the maid-servant: "My sons," and then the father dies, then the sons of the maid-servant shall not share with the sons of the wife, but the freedom of the maid and her sons shall be granted. The sons of the wife shall have no right to enslave the sons of the maid; the wife shall take her dowry (from her father), and the gift that her husband gave her and deeded to her (separate from dowry, or the purchase-money paid her father), and live in the home of her husband: so long as she lives she shall use it, it shall not be sold for money. Whatever she leaves shall belong to her children. 172. If her husband made her no gift, she shall be compensated for her gift, and she shall receive a portion from the estate of her husband, equal to that of one child. If her sons oppress her, to force her out of the house, the judge shall examine into the matter, and if the sons are at fault the woman shall not leave her husband's house. If the woman desires to leave the house, she must leave to her sons the gift which her husband gave her, but she may take the dowry of her father's house. Then she may marry the man of her heart. 173. If this woman bears sons to her second husband, in the place to which she went, and then die, her earlier and later sons shall divide the dowry between them. 174. If she bears no sons to her second husband, the sons of her first husband shall have the dowry. 175. If a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry the daughter of a free man, and children are born, the master of the slave shall have no right to enslave the children of the free. 176. If, however, a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry a man's daughter, and after he marries her she bring a dowry from a father's house, if then they both enjoy it and found a household, and accumulate means, if then the slave die, then she who was free born may take her dowry, and all that her husband and she had earned; she shall divide them into two parts, one-half the master for the slave shall take, and the other half shall the free-born woman take for her children. If the free-born woman had no gift she shall take all that her husband and she had earned and divide it into two parts; and the master of the slave shall take one-half and she shall take the other for her children. 177. If a widow, whose children are not grown, wishes to enter another house (remarry), she shall not enter it without the knowledge of the judge. If she enters another house the judge shall examine the state of the house of her first husband. Then the house of her first husband shall be entrusted to the second husband and the woman herself as managers. And a record must be made thereof. She shall keep the house in order, bring up the children, and not sell the house-hold utensils. He who buys the utensils of the children of a widow shall lose his money, and the goods shall return to their owners. 178. If a "devoted woman" or a prostitute to whom her father has given a dowry and a deed therefor, but if in this deed it is not stated that she may bequeath it as she pleases, and has not explicitly stated that she has the right of disposal; if then her father die, then her brothers shall hold her field and garden, and give her corn, oil, and milk according to her portion, and satisfy her. If her brothers do not give her corn, oil, and milk according to her share, then her field and garden shall support her. She shall have the usufruct of field and garden and all that her father gave her so long as she lives, but she cannot sell or assign it to others. Her position of inheritance belongs to her brothers. 179. If a "sister of a god," or a prostitute, receive a gift from her father, and a deed in which it has been explicitly stated that she may dispose of it as she pleases, and give her complete disposition thereof: if then her father die, then she may leave her property to whomsoever she pleases. Her brothers can raise no claim thereto. 180. If a father give a present to his daughter -- either marriageable or a prostitute (unmarriageable) -- and then die, then she is to receive a portion as a child from the paternal estate, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 181. If a father devote a temple-maid or temple-virgin to God and give her no present: if then the father die, she shall receive the third of a child's portion from the inheritance of her father's house, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 182. If a father devote his daughter as a wife of Mardi of Babylon (as in 181), and give her no present, nor a deed; if then her father die, then shall she receive one-third of her portion as a child of her father's house from her brothers, but Marduk may leave her estate to whomsoever she wishes. 183. If a man gives his daughter by a concubine a dowry, and a husband, and a deed; if then her father dies, she shall receive no portion from the paternal estate. 184. If a man do not give a dowry to his daughter by a concubine, and no husband; if then her father die, her brother shall give her a dowry according to her father's wealth and secure a husband for her. 185. If a man adopt a child and to his name as son, and rear him, this grown son cannot be demanded back again. 186. If a man adopt a son, and if after he has taken him he injure his foster father and mother, then this adopted son shall return to his father's house. 187. The son of a paramour in the palace service, or of a prostitute, cannot be demanded back. 188. If an artisan has undertaken to rear a child and teaches him his craft, he cannot be demanded back. 189. If he has not taught him his craft, this adopted son may return to his father's house. 190. If a man does not maintain a child that he has adopted as a son and reared with his other children, then his adopted son may return to his father's house. 191. If a man, who had adopted a son and reared him, founded a household, and had children, wish to put this adopted son out, then this son shall not simply go his way. His adoptive father shall give him of his wealth one-third of a child's portion, and then he may go. He shall not give him of the field, garden, and house. 192. If a son of a paramour or a prostitute say to his adoptive father or mother: "You are not my father, or my mother," his tongue shall be cut off. 193. If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out. 194. If a man gives his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off. 195. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197. If he breaks another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198. If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199. If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. 201. If he knocks out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina. 202. If any one strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. 203. If a free-born man strikes the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. 204. If a freed man strikes the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money. 205. If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. 206. If during a quarrel one man strike another and wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure him wittingly," and pay the physicians. 207. If the man dies of his wound, he shall swear similarly, and if he (the deceased) was a free-born man, he shall pay half a mina in money. 208. If he was a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 209. If a man strikes a free-born woman so that she loses her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. 210. If the woman dies, his daughter shall be put to death. 211. If a woman of the free class loses her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money. 212. If this woman dies, he shall pay half a mina. 213. If he strikes the maid-servant of a man, and she loses her child, he shall pay two shekels in money. 214. If this maid-servant dies, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 215. If a physician make a large incision with an operating knife and cure it, or if he open a tumor (over the eye) with an operating knife, and saves the eye, he shall receive ten shekels in money. 216. If the patient be a freed man, he receives five shekels. 217. If he be the slave of someone, his owner shall give the physician two shekels. 218. If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. 219. If a physician make a large incision in the slave of a freed man, and kill him, he shall replace the slave with another slave. 220. If he had opened a tumor with the operating knife, and put out his eye, he shall pay half his value. 221. If a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money. 222. If he were a freed man he shall pay three shekels. 223. If he were a slave his owner shall pay the physician two shekels. 224. If a veterinary surgeon perform a serious operation on an ass or an ox, and cure it, the owner shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee. 225. If he perform a serious operation on an ass or ox, and kill it, he shall pay the owner one-fourth of its value. 226. If a barber, without the knowledge of his master, cut the sign of a slave on a slave not to be sold, the hands of this barber shall be cut off. 227. If anyone deceive a barber, and have him mark a slave not for sale with the sign of a slave, he shall be put to death, and buried in his house. The barber shall swear: "I did not mark him wittingly," and shall be guiltless. 228. If a builder build a house for someone and complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface. 229. If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. 230. If it kills the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death. 231. If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house. 232. If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means. 233. If a builder build a house for someone, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means. 234. If a shipbuilder builds a boat of sixty gur for a man, he shall pay him a fee of two shekels in money. 235. If a shipbuilder build a boat for someone, and do not make it tight, if during that same year that boat is sent away and suffers injury, the shipbuilder shall take the boat apart and put it together tight at his own expense. The tight boat he shall give to the boat owner. 236. If a man rent his boat to a sailor, and the sailor is careless, and the boat is wrecked or goes aground, the sailor shall give the owner of the boat another boat as compensation. 237. If a man hire a sailor and his boat, and provide it with corn, clothing, oil and dates, and other things of the kind needed for fitting it: if the sailor is careless, the boat is wrecked, and its contents ruined, then the sailor shall compensate for the boat which was wrecked and all in it that he ruined. 238. If a sailor wreck any one's ship, but saves it, he shall pay the half of its value in money. 239. If a man hires a sailor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 240. If a merchantman run against a ferryboat, and wreck it, the master of the ship that was wrecked shall seek justice before God; the master of the merchantman, which wrecked the ferryboat, must compensate the owner for the boat and all that he ruined. 241. If anyone impresses an ox for forced labor, he shall pay one-third of a mina in money. 242. If anyone hires oxen for a year, he shall pay four gur of corn for plow-oxen. 243. As rent of herd cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. 244. If anyone hires an ox or an ass, and a lion kill it in the field, the loss is upon its owner. 245. If anyone hire oxen, and kill them by bad treatment or blows, he shall compensate the owner, oxen for oxen. 246. If a man hire an ox and he break its leg or cut the ligament of its neck, he shall compensate the owner with ox for ox. 247. If anyone hire an ox, and put out its eye, he shall pay the owner one-half of its value. 248. If anyone hire an ox, and break off a horn, or cut off its tail, or hurt its muzzle, he shall pay one-fourth of its value in money. 249. If anyone hire an ox, and God strike it that it die, the man who hired it shall swear by God and be considered guiltless. 250. If while an ox is passing on the street (market) someone push it, and kill it, the owner can set up no claim in the suit (against the hirer). 251. If an ox is a goring ox, and it shown that he is a gorer, and he do not bind his horns, or fasten the ox up and the ox gore a free-born man and kill him, the owner shall pay one-half a mina in money. 252. If he kills a man's slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 253. If anyone agree with another to tend his field, give him seed, entrust a yoke of oxen to him, and bind him to cultivate the field, if he steal the corn or plants, and take them for himself, his hands shall be hewn off. 254. If he take the seed-corn for himself, and do not use the yoke of oxen, he shall compensate him for the amount of the seed-corn. 255. If he sublet the man's yoke of oxen or steals the seed-corn, planting nothing in the field, he shall be convicted, and for each one hundred gan he shall pay sixty gur of corn. 256. If his community will not pay for him, then he shall be placed in that field with the cattle (at work). 257. If anyone hires a field laborer, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per year. 258. If anyone hires an ox-driver, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 259. If anyone steals a water-wheel from the field, he shall pay five shekels in money to its owner. 260. If anyone steals a shadduf (used to draw water from the river or canal) or a plow, he shall pay three shekels in money. 261. If anyone hires a herdsman for cattle or sheep, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per annum. 262. If anyone, a cow or a sheep . . . 263. If a man kills the cattle or sheep that were given to him, he shall compensate the owner with cattle for cattle and sheep for sheep. 264. If a herdsman, to whom cattle or sheep have been entrusted for watching over, and who has received his wages as agreed upon, and is satisfied, diminish the number of the cattle or sheep, or make the increase by birth less, he shall make good the increase or profit which was lost in the terms of settlement. 265. If a herdsman, to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss. 266. If the animal be killed in the stable by God (an accident), or if a lion kill it, the herdsman shall declare his innocence before God, and the accident in the stable. 267. If the herdsman overlook something and an accident happen in the stable, then the herdsman is at fault for the accident which he has caused in the stable, and he must compensate the owner for the cattle or sheep. 268. If anyone hires an ox for threshing, the amount of the hire is twenty ka of corn. 269. If he hires an ass for threshing, the hire is twenty ka of corn. 270. If he hires a young animal for threshing, the hire is ten ka of corn. 271. If anyone hires oxen, cart and driver, he shall pay one hundred and eighty ka of corn per day. 272. If anyone hires a cart alone, he shall pay forty ka of corn per day. 273. If anyone hire a day laborer, he shall pay him from the New Year until the fifth month (April to August, when days are long and the work hard) six gerahs in money per day; from the sixth month to the end of the year he shall give him five gerahs per day. 274. If anyone hire a skilled artisan, he shall pay as wages of the . . . five gerahs, as wages of the potter five gerahs, of a tailor five gerahs, of . . . gerahs, . . . of a rope maker four gerahs, of . . . gerahs, of a mason . . . gerahs per day. 275. If anyone hire a ferryboat, he shall pay three gerahs in money per day. 276. If he hires a freight-boat, he shall pay two and one-half gerahs per day. 277. If anyone hires a ship of sixty gur, he shall pay one-sixth of a shekel in money as its hire per day. 278. If anyone buy a male or female slave, and before a month has elapsed the benu-disease be developed, he shall return the slave to the seller, and receive the money which he had paid. 279. If anyone by a male or female slave and a third party claim it, the seller is liable for the claim. 280. If while in a foreign country a man buy a male or female slave belonging to another of his own country; if when he return home the owner of the male or female slave recognize it: if the male or female slave be a native of the country, he shall give them back without any money. 281. If they are from another country, the buyer shall declare the amount of money paid therefor to the merchant, and keep the male or female slave. 282. If a slave says to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear.

What is shown on the Hammurabi stele?

The Prologue When Anu the Sublime, King of the Anunaki, and Bel, the lord of Heaven and earth, who decreed the fate of the land, assigned to Marduk, the over-ruling son of Ea, God of righteousness, dominion over earthly man, and made him great among the Igigi, they called Babylon by his illustrious name, made it great on earth, and founded an everlasting kingdom in it, whose foundations are laid so solidly as those of heaven and earth; then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. Hammurabi, the prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase, enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and purified the worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of the world, made great the name of Babylon, rejoiced the heart of Marduk, his lord who daily pays his devotions in Saggil; the royal scion whom Sin made; who enriched Ur; the humble, the reverent, who brings wealth to Gish-shir-gal; the white king, heard of Shamash, the mighty, who again laid the foundations of Sippara; who clothed the gravestones of Malkat with green; who made E-babbar great, which is like the heavens, the warrior who guarded Larsa and renewed E-babbar, with Shamash as his helper; the lord who granted new life to Uruk, who brought plenteous water to its inhabitants, raised the head of E-anna, and perfected the beauty of Anu and Nana;shield of the land, who reunited the scattered inhabitants of Isin; who richly endowed E-gal-mach; the protecting king of the city, brother of the god Zamama; who firmly founded the farms of Kish, crowned E-me-te-ursag with glory, redoubled the great holy treasures of Nana, managed the temple of Harsag-kalama; the grave of the enemy, whose help brought about the victory; who increased the power of Cuthah; made all glorious in E-shidlam, the black steer, who gored the enemy; beloved of the god Nebo, who rejoiced the inhabitants of Borsippa, the Sublime; who is indefatigable for E-zida; the divine king of the city; the White, Wise; who broadened the fields of Dilbat, who heaped up the harvests for Urash; the Mighty, the lord to whom come scepter and crown, with which he clothes himself; the Elect of Ma-ma; who fixed the temple bounds of Kesh, who made rich the holy feasts of Nin-tu; the provident, solicitous, who provided food and drink for Lagash and Girsu, who provided large sacrificial offerings for the temple of Ningirsu; who captured the enemy, the Elect of the oracle who fulfilled the prediction of Hallab, who rejoiced the heart of Anunit; the pure prince, whose prayer is accepted by Adad; who satisfied the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar, who restored the vessels for worship in E-ud-gal-gal; the king who granted life to the city of Adab; the guide of E-mach; the princely king of the city, the irresistible warrior, who granted life to the inhabitants of Mashkanshabri, and brought abundance to the temple of Shidlam; the White, Potent, who penetrated the secret cave of the bandits, saved the inhabitants of Malka from misfortune, and fixed their home fast in wealth; who established pure sacrificial gifts for Ea and Dam-gal-nun-na, who made his kingdom everlastingly great; the princely king of the city, who subjected the districts on the Ud-kib-nun-na Canal to the sway of Dagon, his Creator; who spared the inhabitants of Mera and Tutul; the sublime prince, who makes the face of Ninni shine; who presents holy meals to the divinity of Nin-a-zu, who cared for its inhabitants in their need, provided a portion for them in Babylon in peace; the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves; whose deeds aind favor before Anunit, who provided for Anunit in the temple of Dumash in the suburb of Agade; who recognizes the right, who rules by law; who gave back to the city of Ashur its protecting god; who let the name of Ishtar of Nineveh remain in E-mish-mish; the Sublime, who humbles himself before the great gods; successor of Sumula-il; the mighty son of Sin-muballit; the royal scion of Eternity; the mighty monarch, the sun of Babylon, whose rays shed light over the land of Sumer and Akkad; the king, obeyed by the four quarters of the world; Beloved of Ninni, am I. When Marduk sent me to rule over men, to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and in righteousness brought about the well-being of the oppressed. 1. If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. 2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. 3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. 4. If he satisfy the elders to impose a fine of grain or money, he shall receive the fine that the action produces. 5. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgement. 6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. 7. If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death. 8. If any one steal cattle or sheep, or an ass, or a pig or a goat if it belong to a god or to the court, the thief shall pay thirtyfold therefore; if they belonged to a freed man of the king he shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. 9. If any one lose an article, and find it in the possession of another: if the person in whose possession the thing is found say "A merchant sold it to me, I paid for it before witnesses," and if the owner of the thing say, "I will bring witnesses who know my property," then shall the purchaser bring the merchant who sold it to him, and the witnesses before whom he bought it, and the owner shall bring witnesses who can identify his property. The judge shall examine their testimony -- both of the witnesses before whom the price was paid, and of the witnesses who identify the lost article on oath. The merchant is then proved to be a thief and shall be put to death. The owner of the lost article receives his property, and he who bought it receives the money he paid from the estate of the merchant. 10. If the purchaser does not bring the merchant and the witnesses before whom he bought the article, but its owner bring witnesses who identify it, then the buyer is the thief and shall be put to death, and the owner receive the lost article. 11. If the owner do not bring witnesses to identify the lost article, he is an evil-doer, he has traduced, and shall be put to death. 12. If the witnesses be not at hand, then shall the judge set a limit, at the expiration of six months. If his witnesses have not appeared within the six months, he is an evil-doer, and shall bear the fine of the pending case. 13. unlucky or evil number so no rule was written here. 14. If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death. 15. If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death. 16. If any one receive into his house a runaway male or female slave of the court, or of a freedman, and does not bring it out at the public proclamation of the major domus, the master of the house shall be put to death. 17. If any one find runaway male or female slaves in the open country and bring them to their masters, the master of the slaves shall pay him two shekels of silver. 18. If the slave will not give the name of the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must follow, and the slave shall be returned to his master. 19. If he hold the slaves in his house, and they are caught there, he shall be put to death. 20. If the slave that he caught run away from him, then shall he swear to the owners of the slave, and he is free of all blame. 21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. 22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. 23. If the robber is not caught, then shall he who was robbed claim under oath the amount of his loss; then shall the community, and . . . on whose ground and territory and in whose domain it was compensate him for the goods stolen. 24. If persons are stolen, then shall the community and . . . pay one mina of silver to their relatives. 25. If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire. 26. If a chieftain or a man (common soldier), who has been ordered to go upon the king's highway for war does not go, but hires a mercenary, if he withholds the compensation, then shall this officer or man be put to death, and he who represented him shall take possession of his house. 27. If a chieftain or man be caught in the misfortune of the king (captured in battle), and if his fields and garden be given to another and he take possession, if he return and reaches his place, his field and garden shall be returned to him, he shall take it over again. 28. If a chieftain or a man be caught in the misfortune of a king, if his son is able to enter into possession, then the field and garden shall be given to him, he shall take over the fee of his father. 29. If his son is still young, and can not take possession, a third of the field and garden shall be given to his mother, and she shall bring him up. 30. If a chieftain or a man leave his house, garden, and field and hires it out, and some one else takes possession of his house, garden, and field and uses it for three years: if the first owner return and claims his house, garden, and field, it shall not be given to him, but he who has taken possession of it and used it shall continue to use it. 31. If he hire it out for one year and then return, the house, garden, and field shall be given back to him, and he shall take it over again. 32. If a chieftain or a man is captured on the "Way of the King" (in war), and a merchant buy him free, and bring him back to his place; if he have the means in his house to buy his freedom, he shall buy himself free: if he have nothing in his house with which to buy himself free, he shall be bought free by the temple of his community; if there be nothing in the temple with which to buy him free, the court shall buy his freedom. His field, garden, and house shall not be given for the purchase of his freedom. 33. If a . . . or a . . . enter himself as withdrawn from the "Way of the King," and send a mercenary as substitute, but withdraw him, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 34. If a ... or a ... harm the property of a captain, injure the captain, or take away from the captain a gift presented to him by the king, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 35. If any one buy the cattle or sheep which the king has given to chieftains from him, he loses his money. 36. The field, garden, and house of a chieftain, of a man, or of one subject to quit-rent, can not be sold. 37. If any one buy the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, his contract tablet of sale shall be broken (declared invalid) and he loses his money. The field, garden, and house return to their owners. 38. A chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent can not assign his tenure of field, house, and garden to his wife or daughter, nor can he assign it for a debt. 39. He may, however, assign a field, garden, or house which he has bought, and holds as property, to his wife or daughter or give it for debt. 40. He may sell field, garden, and house to a merchant (royal agents) or to any other public official, the buyer holding field, house, and garden for its usufruct. 41. If any one fence in the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, furnishing the palings therefor; if the chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent return to field, garden, and house, the palings which were given to him become his property. 42. If any one take over a field to till it, and obtain no harvest therefrom, it must be proved that he did no work on the field, and he must deliver grain, just as his neighbor raised, to the owner of the field. 43. If he do not till the field, but let it lie fallow, he shall give grain like his neighbor's to the owner of the field, and the field which he let lie fallow he must plow and sow and return to its owner. 44. If any one take over a waste-lying field to make it arable, but is lazy, and does not make it arable, he shall plow the fallow field in the fourth year, harrow it and till it, and give it back to its owner, and for each ten gan (a measure of area) ten gur of grain shall be paid. 45. If a man rent his field for tillage for a fixed rental, and receive the rent of his field, but bad weather come and destroy the harvest, the injury falls upon the tiller of the soil. 46. If he do not receive a fixed rental for his field, but lets it on half or third shares of the harvest, the grain on the field shall be divided proportionately between the tiller and the owner. 47. If the tiller, because he did not succeed in the first year, has had the soil tilled by others, the owner may raise no objection; the field has been cultivated and he receives the harvest according to agreement. 48. If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year. 49. If any one take money from a merchant, and give the merchant a field tillable for corn or sesame and order him to plant corn or sesame in the field, and to harvest the crop; if the cultivator plant corn or sesame in the field, at the harvest the corn or sesame that is in the field shall belong to the owner of the field and he shall pay corn as rent, for the money he received from the merchant, and the livelihood of the cultivator shall he give to the merchant. 50. If he give a cultivated corn-field or a cultivated sesame-field, the corn or sesame in the field shall belong to the owner of the field, and he shall return the money to the merchant as rent. 51. If he have no money to repay, then he shall pay in corn or sesame in place of the money as rent for what he received from the merchant, according to the royal tariff. 52. If the cultivator does not plant corn or sesame in the field, the debtor's contract is not weakened. 53. If anyone be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 54. If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded. 55. If anyone open his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water flood the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss. 56. If a man let in the water and the water overflow the plantation of his neighbor, he shall pay ten gur of corn for every ten gan of land. 57. If a shepherd, without the permission of the owner of the field, and without the knowledge of the owner of the sheep, lets the sheep into a field to graze, then the owner of the field shall harvest his crop, and the shepherd, who had pastured his flock there without permission of the owner of the field, shall pay to the owner twenty gur of corn for every ten gan. 58. If after the flocks have left the pasture and been shut up in the common fold at the city gate, any shepherd let them into a field and they graze there, this shepherd shall take possession of the field which he has allowed to be grazed on, and at the harvest he must pay sixty gur of corn for every ten gan. 59. If any man, without the knowledge of the owner of a garden, fell a tree in a garden he shall pay half a mina in money. 60. If anyone give over a field to a gardener, for him to plant it as a garden, if he work at it, and care for it for four years, in the fifth year the owner and the gardener shall divide it, the owner taking his part in charge. 61. If the gardener has not completed the planting of the field, leaving one part unused, this shall be assigned to him as his. 62. If he do not plant the field that was given over to him as a garden, if it be arable land (for corn or sesame) the gardener shall pay the owner the produce of the field for the years that he let it lie fallow, according to the product of neighboring fields, put the field in arable condition and return it to its owner. 63. If he transform waste land into arable fields and return it to its owner, the latter shall pay him for one year ten gur for ten gan. 64. If any one hand over his garden to a gardener to work, the gardener shall pay to its owner two-thirds of the produce of the garden, for so long as he has it in possession, and the other third shall he keep. 65. If the gardener do not work in the garden and the product fall off, the gardener shall pay in proportion to other neighboring gardens. [The text for laws 66 through 99 is missing] 100. Interest for the money, as much as he has received, he shall give a note therefor, and on the day, when they settle, pay to the merchant. 101. If there are no mercantile arrangements in the place whither he went, he shall leave the entire amount of money which he received with the broker to give to the merchant. 102. If a merchant entrust money to an agent (broker) for some investment, and the broker suffer a loss in the place to which he goes, he shall make good the capital to the merchant. 103. If, while on the journey, an enemy takes away from him anything that he had, the broker shall swear by God and be free of obligation. 104. If a merchant give an agent corn, wool, oil, or any other goods to transport, the agent shall give a receipt for the amount, and compensate the merchant therefor. Then he shall obtain a receipt from the merchant for the money that he gives the merchant. 105. If the agent is careless, and does not take a receipt for the money which he gave the merchant, he cannot consider the receipted money as his own. 106. If the agent accept money from the merchant, but have a quarrel with the merchant (denying the receipt), then shall the merchant swear before God and witnesses that he has given this money to the agent, and the agent shall pay him three times the sum. 107. If the merchant cheat the agent, in that as the latter has returned to him all that had been given him, but the merchant denies the receipt of what had been returned to him, then shall this agent convict the merchant before God and the judges, and if he still deny receiving what the agent had given him shall pay six times the sum to the agent. 108. If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept corn according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the corn, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water. 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavern-keeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavern-keeper shall be put to death. 110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. 111. If an inn-keeper furnishes sixty ka of usakani-drink to . . . she shall receive fifty ka of corn at the harvest. 112. If anyone be on a journey and entrust silver, gold, precious stones, or any movable property to another, and wish to recover it from him; if the latter do not bring all of the property to the appointed place, but appropriate it to his own use, then shall this man, who did not bring the property to hand it over, be convicted, and he shall pay fivefold for all that had been entrusted to him. 113. If anyone have consignment of corn or money, and he take from the granary or box without the knowledge of the owner, then shall he who took corn without the knowledge of the owner out of the granary or money out of the box be legally convicted, and repay the corn he has taken. And he shall lose whatever commission was paid to him, or due him. 114. If a man have no claim on another for corn and money, and try to demand it by force, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver in every case. 115. If anyone have a claim for corn or money upon another and imprison him; if the prisoner die in prison a natural death, the case shall go no further. 116. If the prisoner dies in prison from blows or maltreatment, the master of the prisoner shall convict the merchant before the judge. If he was a free-born man, the son of the merchant shall be put to death; if it was a slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina of gold, and all that the master of the prisoner gave he shall forfeit. 117. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free. 118. If he give a male or female slave away for forced labor, and the merchant sublease them, or sell them for money, no objection can be raised. 119. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and he sell the maid servant who has borne him children, for money, the money which the merchant has paid shall be repaid to him by the owner of the slave and she shall be freed. 120. If any one store corn for safe keeping in another person's house, and any harm happen to the corn in storage, or if the owner of the house open the granary and take some of the corn, or if especially he deny that the corn was stored in his house: then the owner of the corn shall claim his corn before God (on oath), and the owner of the house shall pay its owner for all of the corn that he took. 121. If any one store corn in another man's house he shall pay him storage at the rate of one gur for every five ka of corn per year. 122. If anyone gives another silver, gold, or anything else to keep, he shall show everything to some witness, draw up a contract, and then hand it over for safe keeping. 123. If he turns it over for safe keeping without witness or contract, and if he to whom it was given denies it, then he has no legitimate claim. 124. If anyone deliver silver, gold, or anything else to another for safe keeping, before a witness, but he deny it, he shall be brought before a judge, and all that he has denied he shall pay in full. 125. If any one place his property with another for safe keeping, and there, either through thieves or robbers, his property and the property of the other man be lost, the owner of the house, through whose neglect the loss took place, shall compensate the owner for all that was given to him in charge. But the owner of the house shall try to follow up and recover his property, and take it away from the thief. 126. If anyone who has not lost his goods state that they have been lost, and make false claims: if he claims his goods and amount of injury before God, even though he has not lost them, he shall be fully compensated for all his loss claimed. (I.e., the oath is all that is needed.) 127. If anyone "point the finger" (slander) at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) 128. If a man takes a woman to be his wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. 129. If a man's wife be surprised (in flagrante delicto) with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves. 130. If a man violate the wife (betrothed or child-wife) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. 131. If a man bring a charge against one's wife, but she is not surprised with another man, she must take an oath and then may return to her house. 132. If the "finger is pointed" at a man's wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband. 133. If a man is taken prisoner in war, and there is sustenance in his house, but his wife leave house and court, and go to another house: because this wife did not keep her court, and went to another house, she shall be judicially condemned and thrown into the water. 134. If anyone be captured in war and there is not sustenance in his house, if then his wife go to another house this woman shall be held blameless. 135. If a man be taken prisoner in war and there be no sustenance in his house and his wife go to another house and bear children; and if later her husband return and come to his home: then this wife shall return to her husband, but the children follow their father. 136. If anyone leave his house, run away, and then his wife go to another house, if then he return, and wishes to take his wife back: because he fled from his home and ran away, the wife of this runaway shall not return to her husband. 137. If a man wishes to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her dowry, and a part of the usufruct of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart. 138. If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her purchase money and the dowry which she brought from her father's house, and let her go. 139. If there was no purchase price he shall give her one mina of gold as a gift of release. 140. If he be a freed man he shall give her one-third of a mina of gold. 141. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offers her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as servant in her husband's house. 142. If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house. 143. .If she have not been a careful mistress, have gadded about, have neglected her house and have belittled her husband, that woman shall be thrown into the water. 144. If a man take a wife and this woman give her husband a maid-servant, and she bear him children, but this man wishes to take another wife, this shall not be permitted to him; he shall not take a second wife. 145. If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife. 146. If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants. 147. If she has not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money. 148. If a man take a wife, and she be seized by disease, if he then desire to take a second wife he shall not put away his wife, who has been attacked by disease, but he shall keep her in the house which he has built and support her so long as she lives. 149. If this woman does not wish to remain in her husband's house, then he shall compensate her for the dowry that she brought with her from her father's house, and she may go. 150. If a man give his wife a field, garden, and house and a deed therefor, if then after the death of her husband the sons raise no claim, then the mother may bequeath all to one of her sons whom she prefers, and need leave nothing to his brothers. 151. If a woman who lived in a man's house made an agreement with her husband, that no creditor can arrest her, and has given a document therefor: if that man, before he married that woman, had a debt, the creditor cannot hold the woman for it. But if the woman, before she entered the man's house, had contracted a debt, her creditor cannot arrest her husband therefor. 152. If after the woman had entered the man's house, both contracted a debt, both must pay the merchant. 153. If the wife of one man on account of another man has their mates (her husband and the other man's wife) murdered, both of them shall be impaled. 154. If a man be guilty of incest with his daughter, he shall be driven from the place (exiled). 155. If a man betroths a girl to his son, and his son has intercourse with her, but he (the father) afterward defile her, and be surprised, then he shall be bound and cast into the water (drowned). 156. If a man betroths a girl to his son, but his son has not known her, and if then he defile her, he shall pay her half a gold mina, and compensate her for all that she brought out of her father's house. She may marry the man of her heart. 157. If anyone be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned. 158. If anyone be surprised after his father with his chief wife, who has borne children, he shall be driven out of his father's house. 159. If anyone, who has brought chattels into his father-in-law's house, and has paid the purchase-money, looks for another wife, and says to his father-in-law: "I do not want your daughter," the girl's father may keep all that he had brought. 160. If a man brings chattels into the house of his father-in-law, and pays the "purchase price" (for his wife): if then the father of the girl say: "I will not give you my daughter," he shall give him back all that he brought with him. 161. If a man brings chattels into his father-in-law's house and pay the "purchase price," if then his friend slanders him, and his father-in-law say to the young husband: "You shall not marry my daughter," the he shall give back to him undiminished all that he had brought with him; but his wife shall not be married to the friend. 162. If a man marry a woman, and she bear sons to him; if then this woman die, then shall her father have no claim on her dowry; this belongs to her sons. 163. If a man marry a woman and she bear him no sons; if then this woman die, if the "purchase price" which he had paid into the house of his father-in-law is repaid to him, her husband shall have no claim upon the dowry of this woman; it belongs to her father' house. 164. If his father-in-law do not pay back to him the amount of the "purchase price" he may subtract the amount of the "Purchase price" from the dowry, and then pay the remainder to her father's house. 165. If a man give to one of his sons whom he prefers a field, garden, and house, and a deed therefor: if later the father die, and the brothers divide the estate, then they shall first give him the present of his father, and he shall accept it; and the rest of the paternal property shall they divide. 166. If a man take wives for his son, but take no wife for his minor son, and if then he die: if the sons divide the estate, they shall set aside besides his portion the money for the "purchase price" for the minor brother who had taken no wife as yet, and secure a wife for him. 167. If a man marry a wife and she bear him children: if this wife die and he then take another wife and she bear him children: if then the father die the sons must not partition the estate according to the mothers, they shall divide the dowries of their mothers only in this way; the paternal estate they shall divide equally with one another. 168. If a man wish to put his son out of his house, and declare before the judge: "I want to put my son out," then the judge shall examine into his reasons. If the son be guilty of no great fault, for which he can be rightfully put out, the father shall not put him out. 169. If he be guilty of a grave fault, which should rightfully deprive him of the filial relationship, the father shall forgive him the first time; but if he be guilty of a grave fault a second time the father may deprive his son of all filial relation. 170. If his wife bear sons to a man, or his maid-servant have borne sons, and the father while still living says to the children whom his maid-servant has borne: "My sons," and he count them with the sons of his wife; if then the father die, then the sons of the wife and of the maid-servant shall divide the paternal property in common. The son of the wife is to partition and choose. 171. If, however, the father while still living did not say to the sons of the maid-servant: "My sons," and then the father dies, then the sons of the maid-servant shall not share with the sons of the wife, but the freedom of the maid and her sons shall be granted. The sons of the wife shall have no right to enslave the sons of the maid; the wife shall take her dowry (from her father), and the gift that her husband gave her and deeded to her (separate from dowry, or the purchase-money paid her father), and live in the home of her husband: so long as she lives she shall use it, it shall not be sold for money. Whatever she leaves shall belong to her children. 172. If her husband made her no gift, she shall be compensated for her gift, and she shall receive a portion from the estate of her husband, equal to that of one child. If her sons oppress her, to force her out of the house, the judge shall examine into the matter, and if the sons are at fault the woman shall not leave her husband's house. If the woman desires to leave the house, she must leave to her sons the gift which her husband gave her, but she may take the dowry of her father's house. Then she may marry the man of her heart. 173. If this woman bears sons to her second husband, in the place to which she went, and then die, her earlier and later sons shall divide the dowry between them. 174. If she bears no sons to her second husband, the sons of her first husband shall have the dowry. 175. If a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry the daughter of a free man, and children are born, the master of the slave shall have no right to enslave the children of the free. 176. If, however, a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry a man's daughter, and after he marries her she bring a dowry from a father's house, if then they both enjoy it and found a household, and accumulate means, if then the slave die, then she who was free born may take her dowry, and all that her husband and she had earned; she shall divide them into two parts, one-half the master for the slave shall take, and the other half shall the free-born woman take for her children. If the free-born woman had no gift she shall take all that her husband and she had earned and divide it into two parts; and the master of the slave shall take one-half and she shall take the other for her children. 177. If a widow, whose children are not grown, wishes to enter another house (remarry), she shall not enter it without the knowledge of the judge. If she enters another house the judge shall examine the state of the house of her first husband. Then the house of her first husband shall be entrusted to the second husband and the woman herself as managers. And a record must be made thereof. She shall keep the house in order, bring up the children, and not sell the house-hold utensils. He who buys the utensils of the children of a widow shall lose his money, and the goods shall return to their owners. 178. If a "devoted woman" or a prostitute to whom her father has given a dowry and a deed therefor, but if in this deed it is not stated that she may bequeath it as she pleases, and has not explicitly stated that she has the right of disposal; if then her father die, then her brothers shall hold her field and garden, and give her corn, oil, and milk according to her portion, and satisfy her. If her brothers do not give her corn, oil, and milk according to her share, then her field and garden shall support her. She shall have the usufruct of field and garden and all that her father gave her so long as she lives, but she cannot sell or assign it to others. Her position of inheritance belongs to her brothers. 179. If a "sister of a god," or a prostitute, receive a gift from her father, and a deed in which it has been explicitly stated that she may dispose of it as she pleases, and give her complete disposition thereof: if then her father die, then she may leave her property to whomsoever she pleases. Her brothers can raise no claim thereto. 180. If a father give a present to his daughter -- either marriageable or a prostitute (unmarriageable) -- and then die, then she is to receive a portion as a child from the paternal estate, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 181. If a father devote a temple-maid or temple-virgin to God and give her no present: if then the father die, she shall receive the third of a child's portion from the inheritance of her father's house, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 182. If a father devote his daughter as a wife of Mardi of Babylon (as in 181), and give her no present, nor a deed; if then her father die, then shall she receive one-third of her portion as a child of her father's house from her brothers, but Marduk may leave her estate to whomsoever she wishes. 183. If a man gives his daughter by a concubine a dowry, and a husband, and a deed; if then her father dies, she shall receive no portion from the paternal estate. 184. If a man do not give a dowry to his daughter by a concubine, and no husband; if then her father die, her brother shall give her a dowry according to her father's wealth and secure a husband for her. 185. If a man adopt a child and to his name as son, and rear him, this grown son cannot be demanded back again. 186. If a man adopt a son, and if after he has taken him he injure his foster father and mother, then this adopted son shall return to his father's house. 187. The son of a paramour in the palace service, or of a prostitute, cannot be demanded back. 188. If an artisan has undertaken to rear a child and teaches him his craft, he cannot be demanded back. 189. If he has not taught him his craft, this adopted son may return to his father's house. 190. If a man does not maintain a child that he has adopted as a son and reared with his other children, then his adopted son may return to his father's house. 191. If a man, who had adopted a son and reared him, founded a household, and had children, wish to put this adopted son out, then this son shall not simply go his way. His adoptive father shall give him of his wealth one-third of a child's portion, and then he may go. He shall not give him of the field, garden, and house. 192. If a son of a paramour or a prostitute say to his adoptive father or mother: "You are not my father, or my mother," his tongue shall be cut off. 193. If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out. 194. If a man gives his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off. 195. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197. If he breaks another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198. If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199. If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. 201. If he knocks out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina. 202. If any one strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. 203. If a free-born man strikes the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. 204. If a freed man strikes the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money. 205. If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. 206. If during a quarrel one man strike another and wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure him wittingly," and pay the physicians. 207. If the man dies of his wound, he shall swear similarly, and if he (the deceased) was a free-born man, he shall pay half a mina in money. 208. If he was a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 209. If a man strikes a free-born woman so that she loses her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. 210. If the woman dies, his daughter shall be put to death. 211. If a woman of the free class loses her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money. 212. If this woman dies, he shall pay half a mina. 213. If he strikes the maid-servant of a man, and she loses her child, he shall pay two shekels in money. 214. If this maid-servant dies, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 215. If a physician make a large incision with an operating knife and cure it, or if he open a tumor (over the eye) with an operating knife, and saves the eye, he shall receive ten shekels in money. 216. If the patient be a freed man, he receives five shekels. 217. If he be the slave of someone, his owner shall give the physician two shekels. 218. If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. 219. If a physician make a large incision in the slave of a freed man, and kill him, he shall replace the slave with another slave. 220. If he had opened a tumor with the operating knife, and put out his eye, he shall pay half his value. 221. If a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money. 222. If he were a freed man he shall pay three shekels. 223. If he were a slave his owner shall pay the physician two shekels. 224. If a veterinary surgeon perform a serious operation on an ass or an ox, and cure it, the owner shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee. 225. If he perform a serious operation on an ass or ox, and kill it, he shall pay the owner one-fourth of its value. 226. If a barber, without the knowledge of his master, cut the sign of a slave on a slave not to be sold, the hands of this barber shall be cut off. 227. If anyone deceive a barber, and have him mark a slave not for sale with the sign of a slave, he shall be put to death, and buried in his house. The barber shall swear: "I did not mark him wittingly," and shall be guiltless. 228. If a builder build a house for someone and complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface. 229. If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. 230. If it kills the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death. 231. If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house. 232. If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means. 233. If a builder build a house for someone, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means. 234. If a shipbuilder builds a boat of sixty gur for a man, he shall pay him a fee of two shekels in money. 235. If a shipbuilder build a boat for someone, and do not make it tight, if during that same year that boat is sent away and suffers injury, the shipbuilder shall take the boat apart and put it together tight at his own expense. The tight boat he shall give to the boat owner. 236. If a man rent his boat to a sailor, and the sailor is careless, and the boat is wrecked or goes aground, the sailor shall give the owner of the boat another boat as compensation. 237. If a man hire a sailor and his boat, and provide it with corn, clothing, oil and dates, and other things of the kind needed for fitting it: if the sailor is careless, the boat is wrecked, and its contents ruined, then the sailor shall compensate for the boat which was wrecked and all in it that he ruined. 238. If a sailor wreck any one's ship, but saves it, he shall pay the half of its value in money. 239. If a man hires a sailor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 240. If a merchantman run against a ferryboat, and wreck it, the master of the ship that was wrecked shall seek justice before God; the master of the merchantman, which wrecked the ferryboat, must compensate the owner for the boat and all that he ruined. 241. If anyone impresses an ox for forced labor, he shall pay one-third of a mina in money. 242. If anyone hires oxen for a year, he shall pay four gur of corn for plow-oxen. 243. As rent of herd cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. 244. If anyone hires an ox or an ass, and a lion kill it in the field, the loss is upon its owner. 245. If anyone hire oxen, and kill them by bad treatment or blows, he shall compensate the owner, oxen for oxen. 246. If a man hire an ox and he break its leg or cut the ligament of its neck, he shall compensate the owner with ox for ox. 247. If anyone hire an ox, and put out its eye, he shall pay the owner one-half of its value. 248. If anyone hire an ox, and break off a horn, or cut off its tail, or hurt its muzzle, he shall pay one-fourth of its value in money. 249. If anyone hire an ox, and God strike it that it die, the man who hired it shall swear by God and be considered guiltless. 250. If while an ox is passing on the street (market) someone push it, and kill it, the owner can set up no claim in the suit (against the hirer). 251. If an ox is a goring ox, and it shown that he is a gorer, and he do not bind his horns, or fasten the ox up and the ox gore a free-born man and kill him, the owner shall pay one-half a mina in money. 252. If he kills a man's slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 253. If anyone agree with another to tend his field, give him seed, entrust a yoke of oxen to him, and bind him to cultivate the field, if he steal the corn or plants, and take them for himself, his hands shall be hewn off. 254. If he take the seed-corn for himself, and do not use the yoke of oxen, he shall compensate him for the amount of the seed-corn. 255. If he sublet the man's yoke of oxen or steals the seed-corn, planting nothing in the field, he shall be convicted, and for each one hundred gan he shall pay sixty gur of corn. 256. If his community will not pay for him, then he shall be placed in that field with the cattle (at work). 257. If anyone hires a field laborer, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per year. 258. If anyone hires an ox-driver, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 259. If anyone steals a water-wheel from the field, he shall pay five shekels in money to its owner. 260. If anyone steals a shadduf (used to draw water from the river or canal) or a plow, he shall pay three shekels in money. 261. If anyone hires a herdsman for cattle or sheep, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per annum. 262. If anyone, a cow or a sheep . . . 263. If a man kills the cattle or sheep that were given to him, he shall compensate the owner with cattle for cattle and sheep for sheep. 264. If a herdsman, to whom cattle or sheep have been entrusted for watching over, and who has received his wages as agreed upon, and is satisfied, diminish the number of the cattle or sheep, or make the increase by birth less, he shall make good the increase or profit which was lost in the terms of settlement. 265. If a herdsman, to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss. 266. If the animal be killed in the stable by God (an accident), or if a lion kill it, the herdsman shall declare his innocence before God, and the accident in the stable. 267. If the herdsman overlook something and an accident happen in the stable, then the herdsman is at fault for the accident which he has caused in the stable, and he must compensate the owner for the cattle or sheep. 268. If anyone hires an ox for threshing, the amount of the hire is twenty ka of corn. 269. If he hires an ass for threshing, the hire is twenty ka of corn. 270. If he hires a young animal for threshing, the hire is ten ka of corn. 271. If anyone hires oxen, cart and driver, he shall pay one hundred and eighty ka of corn per day. 272. If anyone hires a cart alone, he shall pay forty ka of corn per day. 273. If anyone hire a day laborer, he shall pay him from the New Year until the fifth month (April to August, when days are long and the work hard) six gerahs in money per day; from the sixth month to the end of the year he shall give him five gerahs per day. 274. If anyone hire a skilled artisan, he shall pay as wages of the . . . five gerahs, as wages of the potter five gerahs, of a tailor five gerahs, of . . . gerahs, . . . of a rope maker four gerahs, of . . . gerahs, of a mason . . . gerahs per day. 275. If anyone hire a ferryboat, he shall pay three gerahs in money per day. 276. If he hires a freight-boat, he shall pay two and one-half gerahs per day. 277. If anyone hires a ship of sixty gur, he shall pay one-sixth of a shekel in money as its hire per day. 278. If anyone buy a male or female slave, and before a month has elapsed the benu-disease be developed, he shall return the slave to the seller, and receive the money which he had paid. 279. If anyone by a male or female slave and a third party claim it, the seller is liable for the claim. 280. If while in a foreign country a man buy a male or female slave belonging to another of his own country; if when he return home the owner of the male or female slave recognize it: if the male or female slave be a native of the country, he shall give them back without any money. 281. If they are from another country, the buyer shall declare the amount of money paid therefor to the merchant, and keep the male or female slave. 282. If a slave says to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear.

What were hammurabis 282 laws?

The Prologue When Anu the Sublime, King of the Anunaki, and Bel, the lord of Heaven and earth, who decreed the fate of the land, assigned to Marduk, the over-ruling son of Ea, God of righteousness, dominion over earthly man, and made him great among the Igigi, they called Babylon by his illustrious name, made it great on earth, and founded an everlasting kingdom in it, whose foundations are laid so solidly as those of heaven and earth; then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind. Hammurabi, the prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase, enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and purified the worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of the world, made great the name of Babylon, rejoiced the heart of Marduk, his lord who daily pays his devotions in Saggil; the royal scion whom Sin made; who enriched Ur; the humble, the reverent, who brings wealth to Gish-shir-gal; the white king, heard of Shamash, the mighty, who again laid the foundations of Sippara; who clothed the gravestones of Malkat with green; who made E-babbar great, which is like the heavens, the warrior who guarded Larsa and renewed E-babbar, with Shamash as his helper; the lord who granted new life to Uruk, who brought plenteous water to its inhabitants, raised the head of E-anna, and perfected the beauty of Anu and Nana;shield of the land, who reunited the scattered inhabitants of Isin; who richly endowed E-gal-mach; the protecting king of the city, brother of the god Zamama; who firmly founded the farms of Kish, crowned E-me-te-ursag with glory, redoubled the great holy treasures of Nana, managed the temple of Harsag-kalama; the grave of the enemy, whose help brought about the victory; who increased the power of Cuthah; made all glorious in E-shidlam, the black steer, who gored the enemy; beloved of the god Nebo, who rejoiced the inhabitants of Borsippa, the Sublime; who is indefatigable for E-zida; the divine king of the city; the White, Wise; who broadened the fields of Dilbat, who heaped up the harvests for Urash; the Mighty, the lord to whom come scepter and crown, with which he clothes himself; the Elect of Ma-ma; who fixed the temple bounds of Kesh, who made rich the holy feasts of Nin-tu; the provident, solicitous, who provided food and drink for Lagash and Girsu, who provided large sacrificial offerings for the temple of Ningirsu; who captured the enemy, the Elect of the oracle who fulfilled the prediction of Hallab, who rejoiced the heart of Anunit; the pure prince, whose prayer is accepted by Adad; who satisfied the heart of Adad, the warrior, in Karkar, who restored the vessels for worship in E-ud-gal-gal; the king who granted life to the city of Adab; the guide of E-mach; the princely king of the city, the irresistible warrior, who granted life to the inhabitants of Mashkanshabri, and brought abundance to the temple of Shidlam; the White, Potent, who penetrated the secret cave of the bandits, saved the inhabitants of Malka from misfortune, and fixed their home fast in wealth; who established pure sacrificial gifts for Ea and Dam-gal-nun-na, who made his kingdom everlastingly great; the princely king of the city, who subjected the districts on the Ud-kib-nun-na Canal to the sway of Dagon, his Creator; who spared the inhabitants of Mera and Tutul; the sublime prince, who makes the face of Ninni shine; who presents holy meals to the divinity of Nin-a-zu, who cared for its inhabitants in their need, provided a portion for them in Babylon in peace; the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves; whose deeds aind favor before Anunit, who provided for Anunit in the temple of Dumash in the suburb of Agade; who recognizes the right, who rules by law; who gave back to the city of Ashur its protecting god; who let the name of Ishtar of Nineveh remain in E-mish-mish; the Sublime, who humbles himself before the great gods; successor of Sumula-il; the mighty son of Sin-muballit; the royal scion of Eternity; the mighty monarch, the sun of Babylon, whose rays shed light over the land of Sumer and Akkad; the king, obeyed by the four quarters of the world; Beloved of Ninni, am I. When Marduk sent me to rule over men, to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and in righteousness brought about the well-being of the oppressed. 1. If any one ensnare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death. 2. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. 3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. 4. If he satisfy the elders to impose a fine of grain or money, he shall receive the fine that the action produces. 5. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgement. 6. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. 7. If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death. 8. If any one steal cattle or sheep, or an ass, or a pig or a goat if it belong to a god or to the court, the thief shall pay thirtyfold therefore; if they belonged to a freed man of the king he shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. 9. If any one lose an article, and find it in the possession of another: if the person in whose possession the thing is found say "A merchant sold it to me, I paid for it before witnesses," and if the owner of the thing say, "I will bring witnesses who know my property," then shall the purchaser bring the merchant who sold it to him, and the witnesses before whom he bought it, and the owner shall bring witnesses who can identify his property. The judge shall examine their testimony -- both of the witnesses before whom the price was paid, and of the witnesses who identify the lost article on oath. The merchant is then proved to be a thief and shall be put to death. The owner of the lost article receives his property, and he who bought it receives the money he paid from the estate of the merchant. 10. If the purchaser does not bring the merchant and the witnesses before whom he bought the article, but its owner bring witnesses who identify it, then the buyer is the thief and shall be put to death, and the owner receive the lost article. 11. If the owner do not bring witnesses to identify the lost article, he is an evil-doer, he has traduced, and shall be put to death. 12. If the witnesses be not at hand, then shall the judge set a limit, at the expiration of six months. If his witnesses have not appeared within the six months, he is an evil-doer, and shall bear the fine of the pending case. 13. unlucky or evil number so no rule was written here. 14. If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death. 15. If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death. 16. If any one receive into his house a runaway male or female slave of the court, or of a freedman, and does not bring it out at the public proclamation of the major domus, the master of the house shall be put to death. 17. If any one find runaway male or female slaves in the open country and bring them to their masters, the master of the slaves shall pay him two shekels of silver. 18. If the slave will not give the name of the master, the finder shall bring him to the palace; a further investigation must follow, and the slave shall be returned to his master. 19. If he hold the slaves in his house, and they are caught there, he shall be put to death. 20. If the slave that he caught run away from him, then shall he swear to the owners of the slave, and he is free of all blame. 21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. 22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. 23. If the robber is not caught, then shall he who was robbed claim under oath the amount of his loss; then shall the community, and . . . on whose ground and territory and in whose domain it was compensate him for the goods stolen. 24. If persons are stolen, then shall the community and . . . pay one mina of silver to their relatives. 25. If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire. 26. If a chieftain or a man (common soldier), who has been ordered to go upon the king's highway for war does not go, but hires a mercenary, if he withholds the compensation, then shall this officer or man be put to death, and he who represented him shall take possession of his house. 27. If a chieftain or man be caught in the misfortune of the king (captured in battle), and if his fields and garden be given to another and he take possession, if he return and reaches his place, his field and garden shall be returned to him, he shall take it over again. 28. If a chieftain or a man be caught in the misfortune of a king, if his son is able to enter into possession, then the field and garden shall be given to him, he shall take over the fee of his father. 29. If his son is still young, and can not take possession, a third of the field and garden shall be given to his mother, and she shall bring him up. 30. If a chieftain or a man leave his house, garden, and field and hires it out, and some one else takes possession of his house, garden, and field and uses it for three years: if the first owner return and claims his house, garden, and field, it shall not be given to him, but he who has taken possession of it and used it shall continue to use it. 31. If he hire it out for one year and then return, the house, garden, and field shall be given back to him, and he shall take it over again. 32. If a chieftain or a man is captured on the "Way of the King" (in war), and a merchant buy him free, and bring him back to his place; if he have the means in his house to buy his freedom, he shall buy himself free: if he have nothing in his house with which to buy himself free, he shall be bought free by the temple of his community; if there be nothing in the temple with which to buy him free, the court shall buy his freedom. His field, garden, and house shall not be given for the purchase of his freedom. 33. If a . . . or a . . . enter himself as withdrawn from the "Way of the King," and send a mercenary as substitute, but withdraw him, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 34. If a ... or a ... harm the property of a captain, injure the captain, or take away from the captain a gift presented to him by the king, then the . . . or . . . shall be put to death. 35. If any one buy the cattle or sheep which the king has given to chieftains from him, he loses his money. 36. The field, garden, and house of a chieftain, of a man, or of one subject to quit-rent, can not be sold. 37. If any one buy the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, his contract tablet of sale shall be broken (declared invalid) and he loses his money. The field, garden, and house return to their owners. 38. A chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent can not assign his tenure of field, house, and garden to his wife or daughter, nor can he assign it for a debt. 39. He may, however, assign a field, garden, or house which he has bought, and holds as property, to his wife or daughter or give it for debt. 40. He may sell field, garden, and house to a merchant (royal agents) or to any other public official, the buyer holding field, house, and garden for its usufruct. 41. If any one fence in the field, garden, and house of a chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent, furnishing the palings therefor; if the chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent return to field, garden, and house, the palings which were given to him become his property. 42. If any one take over a field to till it, and obtain no harvest therefrom, it must be proved that he did no work on the field, and he must deliver grain, just as his neighbor raised, to the owner of the field. 43. If he do not till the field, but let it lie fallow, he shall give grain like his neighbor's to the owner of the field, and the field which he let lie fallow he must plow and sow and return to its owner. 44. If any one take over a waste-lying field to make it arable, but is lazy, and does not make it arable, he shall plow the fallow field in the fourth year, harrow it and till it, and give it back to its owner, and for each ten gan (a measure of area) ten gur of grain shall be paid. 45. If a man rent his field for tillage for a fixed rental, and receive the rent of his field, but bad weather come and destroy the harvest, the injury falls upon the tiller of the soil. 46. If he do not receive a fixed rental for his field, but lets it on half or third shares of the harvest, the grain on the field shall be divided proportionately between the tiller and the owner. 47. If the tiller, because he did not succeed in the first year, has had the soil tilled by others, the owner may raise no objection; the field has been cultivated and he receives the harvest according to agreement. 48. If any one owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain, or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year. 49. If any one take money from a merchant, and give the merchant a field tillable for corn or sesame and order him to plant corn or sesame in the field, and to harvest the crop; if the cultivator plant corn or sesame in the field, at the harvest the corn or sesame that is in the field shall belong to the owner of the field and he shall pay corn as rent, for the money he received from the merchant, and the livelihood of the cultivator shall he give to the merchant. 50. If he give a cultivated corn-field or a cultivated sesame-field, the corn or sesame in the field shall belong to the owner of the field, and he shall return the money to the merchant as rent. 51. If he have no money to repay, then he shall pay in corn or sesame in place of the money as rent for what he received from the merchant, according to the royal tariff. 52. If the cultivator does not plant corn or sesame in the field, the debtor's contract is not weakened. 53. If anyone be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 54. If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded. 55. If anyone open his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water flood the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss. 56. If a man let in the water and the water overflow the plantation of his neighbor, he shall pay ten gur of corn for every ten gan of land. 57. If a shepherd, without the permission of the owner of the field, and without the knowledge of the owner of the sheep, lets the sheep into a field to graze, then the owner of the field shall harvest his crop, and the shepherd, who had pastured his flock there without permission of the owner of the field, shall pay to the owner twenty gur of corn for every ten gan. 58. If after the flocks have left the pasture and been shut up in the common fold at the city gate, any shepherd let them into a field and they graze there, this shepherd shall take possession of the field which he has allowed to be grazed on, and at the harvest he must pay sixty gur of corn for every ten gan. 59. If any man, without the knowledge of the owner of a garden, fell a tree in a garden he shall pay half a mina in money. 60. If anyone give over a field to a gardener, for him to plant it as a garden, if he work at it, and care for it for four years, in the fifth year the owner and the gardener shall divide it, the owner taking his part in charge. 61. If the gardener has not completed the planting of the field, leaving one part unused, this shall be assigned to him as his. 62. If he do not plant the field that was given over to him as a garden, if it be arable land (for corn or sesame) the gardener shall pay the owner the produce of the field for the years that he let it lie fallow, according to the product of neighboring fields, put the field in arable condition and return it to its owner. 63. If he transform waste land into arable fields and return it to its owner, the latter shall pay him for one year ten gur for ten gan. 64. If any one hand over his garden to a gardener to work, the gardener shall pay to its owner two-thirds of the produce of the garden, for so long as he has it in possession, and the other third shall he keep. 65. If the gardener do not work in the garden and the product fall off, the gardener shall pay in proportion to other neighboring gardens. [The text for laws 66 through 99 is missing] 100. Interest for the money, as much as he has received, he shall give a note therefor, and on the day, when they settle, pay to the merchant. 101. If there are no mercantile arrangements in the place whither he went, he shall leave the entire amount of money which he received with the broker to give to the merchant. 102. If a merchant entrust money to an agent (broker) for some investment, and the broker suffer a loss in the place to which he goes, he shall make good the capital to the merchant. 103. If, while on the journey, an enemy takes away from him anything that he had, the broker shall swear by God and be free of obligation. 104. If a merchant give an agent corn, wool, oil, or any other goods to transport, the agent shall give a receipt for the amount, and compensate the merchant therefor. Then he shall obtain a receipt from the merchant for the money that he gives the merchant. 105. If the agent is careless, and does not take a receipt for the money which he gave the merchant, he cannot consider the receipted money as his own. 106. If the agent accept money from the merchant, but have a quarrel with the merchant (denying the receipt), then shall the merchant swear before God and witnesses that he has given this money to the agent, and the agent shall pay him three times the sum. 107. If the merchant cheat the agent, in that as the latter has returned to him all that had been given him, but the merchant denies the receipt of what had been returned to him, then shall this agent convict the merchant before God and the judges, and if he still deny receiving what the agent had given him shall pay six times the sum to the agent. 108. If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept corn according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the corn, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water. 109. If conspirators meet in the house of a tavern-keeper, and these conspirators are not captured and delivered to the court, the tavern-keeper shall be put to death. 110. If a "sister of a god" open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. 111. If an inn-keeper furnishes sixty ka of usakani-drink to . . . she shall receive fifty ka of corn at the harvest. 112. If anyone be on a journey and entrust silver, gold, precious stones, or any movable property to another, and wish to recover it from him; if the latter do not bring all of the property to the appointed place, but appropriate it to his own use, then shall this man, who did not bring the property to hand it over, be convicted, and he shall pay fivefold for all that had been entrusted to him. 113. If anyone have consignment of corn or money, and he take from the granary or box without the knowledge of the owner, then shall he who took corn without the knowledge of the owner out of the granary or money out of the box be legally convicted, and repay the corn he has taken. And he shall lose whatever commission was paid to him, or due him. 114. If a man have no claim on another for corn and money, and try to demand it by force, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver in every case. 115. If anyone have a claim for corn or money upon another and imprison him; if the prisoner die in prison a natural death, the case shall go no further. 116. If the prisoner dies in prison from blows or maltreatment, the master of the prisoner shall convict the merchant before the judge. If he was a free-born man, the son of the merchant shall be put to death; if it was a slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina of gold, and all that the master of the prisoner gave he shall forfeit. 117. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free. 118. If he give a male or female slave away for forced labor, and the merchant sublease them, or sell them for money, no objection can be raised. 119. If anyone fail to meet a claim for debt, and he sell the maid servant who has borne him children, for money, the money which the merchant has paid shall be repaid to him by the owner of the slave and she shall be freed. 120. If any one store corn for safe keeping in another person's house, and any harm happen to the corn in storage, or if the owner of the house open the granary and take some of the corn, or if especially he deny that the corn was stored in his house: then the owner of the corn shall claim his corn before God (on oath), and the owner of the house shall pay its owner for all of the corn that he took. 121. If any one store corn in another man's house he shall pay him storage at the rate of one gur for every five ka of corn per year. 122. If anyone gives another silver, gold, or anything else to keep, he shall show everything to some witness, draw up a contract, and then hand it over for safe keeping. 123. If he turns it over for safe keeping without witness or contract, and if he to whom it was given denies it, then he has no legitimate claim. 124. If anyone deliver silver, gold, or anything else to another for safe keeping, before a witness, but he deny it, he shall be brought before a judge, and all that he has denied he shall pay in full. 125. If any one place his property with another for safe keeping, and there, either through thieves or robbers, his property and the property of the other man be lost, the owner of the house, through whose neglect the loss took place, shall compensate the owner for all that was given to him in charge. But the owner of the house shall try to follow up and recover his property, and take it away from the thief. 126. If anyone who has not lost his goods state that they have been lost, and make false claims: if he claims his goods and amount of injury before God, even though he has not lost them, he shall be fully compensated for all his loss claimed. (I.e., the oath is all that is needed.) 127. If anyone "point the finger" (slander) at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and cannot prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) 128. If a man takes a woman to be his wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. 129. If a man's wife be surprised (in flagrante delicto) with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves. 130. If a man violate the wife (betrothed or child-wife) of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father's house, and sleep with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but the wife is blameless. 131. If a man bring a charge against one's wife, but she is not surprised with another man, she must take an oath and then may return to her house. 132. If the "finger is pointed" at a man's wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband. 133. If a man is taken prisoner in war, and there is sustenance in his house, but his wife leave house and court, and go to another house: because this wife did not keep her court, and went to another house, she shall be judicially condemned and thrown into the water. 134. If anyone be captured in war and there is not sustenance in his house, if then his wife go to another house this woman shall be held blameless. 135. If a man be taken prisoner in war and there be no sustenance in his house and his wife go to another house and bear children; and if later her husband return and come to his home: then this wife shall return to her husband, but the children follow their father. 136. If anyone leave his house, run away, and then his wife go to another house, if then he return, and wishes to take his wife back: because he fled from his home and ran away, the wife of this runaway shall not return to her husband. 137. If a man wishes to separate from a woman who has borne him children, or from his wife who has borne him children: then he shall give that wife her dowry, and a part of the usufruct of field, garden, and property, so that she can rear her children. When she has brought up her children, a portion of all that is given to the children, equal as that of one son, shall be given to her. She may then marry the man of her heart. 138. If a man wishes to separate from his wife who has borne him no children, he shall give her the amount of her purchase money and the dowry which she brought from her father's house, and let her go. 139. If there was no purchase price he shall give her one mina of gold as a gift of release. 140. If he be a freed man he shall give her one-third of a mina of gold. 141. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offers her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as servant in her husband's house. 142. If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house. 143. .If she have not been a careful mistress, have gadded about, have neglected her house and have belittled her husband, that woman shall be thrown into the water. 144. If a man take a wife and this woman give her husband a maid-servant, and she bear him children, but this man wishes to take another wife, this shall not be permitted to him; he shall not take a second wife. 145. If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife. 146. If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants. 147. If she has not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money. 148. If a man take a wife, and she be seized by disease, if he then desire to take a second wife he shall not put away his wife, who has been attacked by disease, but he shall keep her in the house which he has built and support her so long as she lives. 149. If this woman does not wish to remain in her husband's house, then he shall compensate her for the dowry that she brought with her from her father's house, and she may go. 150. If a man give his wife a field, garden, and house and a deed therefor, if then after the death of her husband the sons raise no claim, then the mother may bequeath all to one of her sons whom she prefers, and need leave nothing to his brothers. 151. If a woman who lived in a man's house made an agreement with her husband, that no creditor can arrest her, and has given a document therefor: if that man, before he married that woman, had a debt, the creditor cannot hold the woman for it. But if the woman, before she entered the man's house, had contracted a debt, her creditor cannot arrest her husband therefor. 152. If after the woman had entered the man's house, both contracted a debt, both must pay the merchant. 153. If the wife of one man on account of another man has their mates (her husband and the other man's wife) murdered, both of them shall be impaled. 154. If a man be guilty of incest with his daughter, he shall be driven from the place (exiled). 155. If a man betroths a girl to his son, and his son has intercourse with her, but he (the father) afterward defile her, and be surprised, then he shall be bound and cast into the water (drowned). 156. If a man betroths a girl to his son, but his son has not known her, and if then he defile her, he shall pay her half a gold mina, and compensate her for all that she brought out of her father's house. She may marry the man of her heart. 157. If anyone be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned. 158. If anyone be surprised after his father with his chief wife, who has borne children, he shall be driven out of his father's house. 159. If anyone, who has brought chattels into his father-in-law's house, and has paid the purchase-money, looks for another wife, and says to his father-in-law: "I do not want your daughter," the girl's father may keep all that he had brought. 160. If a man brings chattels into the house of his father-in-law, and pays the "purchase price" (for his wife): if then the father of the girl say: "I will not give you my daughter," he shall give him back all that he brought with him. 161. If a man brings chattels into his father-in-law's house and pay the "purchase price," if then his friend slanders him, and his father-in-law say to the young husband: "You shall not marry my daughter," the he shall give back to him undiminished all that he had brought with him; but his wife shall not be married to the friend. 162. If a man marry a woman, and she bear sons to him; if then this woman die, then shall her father have no claim on her dowry; this belongs to her sons. 163. If a man marry a woman and she bear him no sons; if then this woman die, if the "purchase price" which he had paid into the house of his father-in-law is repaid to him, her husband shall have no claim upon the dowry of this woman; it belongs to her father' house. 164. If his father-in-law do not pay back to him the amount of the "purchase price" he may subtract the amount of the "Purchase price" from the dowry, and then pay the remainder to her father's house. 165. If a man give to one of his sons whom he prefers a field, garden, and house, and a deed therefor: if later the father die, and the brothers divide the estate, then they shall first give him the present of his father, and he shall accept it; and the rest of the paternal property shall they divide. 166. If a man take wives for his son, but take no wife for his minor son, and if then he die: if the sons divide the estate, they shall set aside besides his portion the money for the "purchase price" for the minor brother who had taken no wife as yet, and secure a wife for him. 167. If a man marry a wife and she bear him children: if this wife die and he then take another wife and she bear him children: if then the father die the sons must not partition the estate according to the mothers, they shall divide the dowries of their mothers only in this way; the paternal estate they shall divide equally with one another. 168. If a man wish to put his son out of his house, and declare before the judge: "I want to put my son out," then the judge shall examine into his reasons. If the son be guilty of no great fault, for which he can be rightfully put out, the father shall not put him out. 169. If he be guilty of a grave fault, which should rightfully deprive him of the filial relationship, the father shall forgive him the first time; but if he be guilty of a grave fault a second time the father may deprive his son of all filial relation. 170. If his wife bear sons to a man, or his maid-servant have borne sons, and the father while still living says to the children whom his maid-servant has borne: "My sons," and he count them with the sons of his wife; if then the father die, then the sons of the wife and of the maid-servant shall divide the paternal property in common. The son of the wife is to partition and choose. 171. If, however, the father while still living did not say to the sons of the maid-servant: "My sons," and then the father dies, then the sons of the maid-servant shall not share with the sons of the wife, but the freedom of the maid and her sons shall be granted. The sons of the wife shall have no right to enslave the sons of the maid; the wife shall take her dowry (from her father), and the gift that her husband gave her and deeded to her (separate from dowry, or the purchase-money paid her father), and live in the home of her husband: so long as she lives she shall use it, it shall not be sold for money. Whatever she leaves shall belong to her children. 172. If her husband made her no gift, she shall be compensated for her gift, and she shall receive a portion from the estate of her husband, equal to that of one child. If her sons oppress her, to force her out of the house, the judge shall examine into the matter, and if the sons are at fault the woman shall not leave her husband's house. If the woman desires to leave the house, she must leave to her sons the gift which her husband gave her, but she may take the dowry of her father's house. Then she may marry the man of her heart. 173. If this woman bears sons to her second husband, in the place to which she went, and then die, her earlier and later sons shall divide the dowry between them. 174. If she bears no sons to her second husband, the sons of her first husband shall have the dowry. 175. If a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry the daughter of a free man, and children are born, the master of the slave shall have no right to enslave the children of the free. 176. If, however, a State slave or the slave of a freed man marry a man's daughter, and after he marries her she bring a dowry from a father's house, if then they both enjoy it and found a household, and accumulate means, if then the slave die, then she who was free born may take her dowry, and all that her husband and she had earned; she shall divide them into two parts, one-half the master for the slave shall take, and the other half shall the free-born woman take for her children. If the free-born woman had no gift she shall take all that her husband and she had earned and divide it into two parts; and the master of the slave shall take one-half and she shall take the other for her children. 177. If a widow, whose children are not grown, wishes to enter another house (remarry), she shall not enter it without the knowledge of the judge. If she enters another house the judge shall examine the state of the house of her first husband. Then the house of her first husband shall be entrusted to the second husband and the woman herself as managers. And a record must be made thereof. She shall keep the house in order, bring up the children, and not sell the house-hold utensils. He who buys the utensils of the children of a widow shall lose his money, and the goods shall return to their owners. 178. If a "devoted woman" or a prostitute to whom her father has given a dowry and a deed therefor, but if in this deed it is not stated that she may bequeath it as she pleases, and has not explicitly stated that she has the right of disposal; if then her father die, then her brothers shall hold her field and garden, and give her corn, oil, and milk according to her portion, and satisfy her. If her brothers do not give her corn, oil, and milk according to her share, then her field and garden shall support her. She shall have the usufruct of field and garden and all that her father gave her so long as she lives, but she cannot sell or assign it to others. Her position of inheritance belongs to her brothers. 179. If a "sister of a god," or a prostitute, receive a gift from her father, and a deed in which it has been explicitly stated that she may dispose of it as she pleases, and give her complete disposition thereof: if then her father die, then she may leave her property to whomsoever she pleases. Her brothers can raise no claim thereto. 180. If a father give a present to his daughter -- either marriageable or a prostitute (unmarriageable) -- and then die, then she is to receive a portion as a child from the paternal estate, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 181. If a father devote a temple-maid or temple-virgin to God and give her no present: if then the father die, she shall receive the third of a child's portion from the inheritance of her father's house, and enjoy its usufruct so long as she lives. Her estate belongs to her brothers. 182. If a father devote his daughter as a wife of Mardi of Babylon (as in 181), and give her no present, nor a deed; if then her father die, then shall she receive one-third of her portion as a child of her father's house from her brothers, but Marduk may leave her estate to whomsoever she wishes. 183. If a man gives his daughter by a concubine a dowry, and a husband, and a deed; if then her father dies, she shall receive no portion from the paternal estate. 184. If a man do not give a dowry to his daughter by a concubine, and no husband; if then her father die, her brother shall give her a dowry according to her father's wealth and secure a husband for her. 185. If a man adopt a child and to his name as son, and rear him, this grown son cannot be demanded back again. 186. If a man adopt a son, and if after he has taken him he injure his foster father and mother, then this adopted son shall return to his father's house. 187. The son of a paramour in the palace service, or of a prostitute, cannot be demanded back. 188. If an artisan has undertaken to rear a child and teaches him his craft, he cannot be demanded back. 189. If he has not taught him his craft, this adopted son may return to his father's house. 190. If a man does not maintain a child that he has adopted as a son and reared with his other children, then his adopted son may return to his father's house. 191. If a man, who had adopted a son and reared him, founded a household, and had children, wish to put this adopted son out, then this son shall not simply go his way. His adoptive father shall give him of his wealth one-third of a child's portion, and then he may go. He shall not give him of the field, garden, and house. 192. If a son of a paramour or a prostitute say to his adoptive father or mother: "You are not my father, or my mother," his tongue shall be cut off. 193. If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out. 194. If a man gives his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off. 195. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197. If he breaks another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198. If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199. If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. 201. If he knocks out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina. 202. If any one strikes the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. 203. If a free-born man strikes the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. 204. If a freed man strikes the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money. 205. If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off. 206. If during a quarrel one man strike another and wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure him wittingly," and pay the physicians. 207. If the man dies of his wound, he shall swear similarly, and if he (the deceased) was a free-born man, he shall pay half a mina in money. 208. If he was a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 209. If a man strikes a free-born woman so that she loses her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. 210. If the woman dies, his daughter shall be put to death. 211. If a woman of the free class loses her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money. 212. If this woman dies, he shall pay half a mina. 213. If he strikes the maid-servant of a man, and she loses her child, he shall pay two shekels in money. 214. If this maid-servant dies, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 215. If a physician make a large incision with an operating knife and cure it, or if he open a tumor (over the eye) with an operating knife, and saves the eye, he shall receive ten shekels in money. 216. If the patient be a freed man, he receives five shekels. 217. If he be the slave of someone, his owner shall give the physician two shekels. 218. If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. 219. If a physician make a large incision in the slave of a freed man, and kill him, he shall replace the slave with another slave. 220. If he had opened a tumor with the operating knife, and put out his eye, he shall pay half his value. 221. If a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money. 222. If he were a freed man he shall pay three shekels. 223. If he were a slave his owner shall pay the physician two shekels. 224. If a veterinary surgeon perform a serious operation on an ass or an ox, and cure it, the owner shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel as a fee. 225. If he perform a serious operation on an ass or ox, and kill it, he shall pay the owner one-fourth of its value. 226. If a barber, without the knowledge of his master, cut the sign of a slave on a slave not to be sold, the hands of this barber shall be cut off. 227. If anyone deceive a barber, and have him mark a slave not for sale with the sign of a slave, he shall be put to death, and buried in his house. The barber shall swear: "I did not mark him wittingly," and shall be guiltless. 228. If a builder build a house for someone and complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface. 229. If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. 230. If it kills the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death. 231. If it kills a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house. 232. If it ruins goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means. 233. If a builder build a house for someone, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means. 234. If a shipbuilder builds a boat of sixty gur for a man, he shall pay him a fee of two shekels in money. 235. If a shipbuilder build a boat for someone, and do not make it tight, if during that same year that boat is sent away and suffers injury, the shipbuilder shall take the boat apart and put it together tight at his own expense. The tight boat he shall give to the boat owner. 236. If a man rent his boat to a sailor, and the sailor is careless, and the boat is wrecked or goes aground, the sailor shall give the owner of the boat another boat as compensation. 237. If a man hire a sailor and his boat, and provide it with corn, clothing, oil and dates, and other things of the kind needed for fitting it: if the sailor is careless, the boat is wrecked, and its contents ruined, then the sailor shall compensate for the boat which was wrecked and all in it that he ruined. 238. If a sailor wreck any one's ship, but saves it, he shall pay the half of its value in money. 239. If a man hires a sailor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 240. If a merchantman run against a ferryboat, and wreck it, the master of the ship that was wrecked shall seek justice before God; the master of the merchantman, which wrecked the ferryboat, must compensate the owner for the boat and all that he ruined. 241. If anyone impresses an ox for forced labor, he shall pay one-third of a mina in money. 242. If anyone hires oxen for a year, he shall pay four gur of corn for plow-oxen. 243. As rent of herd cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. 244. If anyone hires an ox or an ass, and a lion kill it in the field, the loss is upon its owner. 245. If anyone hire oxen, and kill them by bad treatment or blows, he shall compensate the owner, oxen for oxen. 246. If a man hire an ox and he break its leg or cut the ligament of its neck, he shall compensate the owner with ox for ox. 247. If anyone hire an ox, and put out its eye, he shall pay the owner one-half of its value. 248. If anyone hire an ox, and break off a horn, or cut off its tail, or hurt its muzzle, he shall pay one-fourth of its value in money. 249. If anyone hire an ox, and God strike it that it die, the man who hired it shall swear by God and be considered guiltless. 250. If while an ox is passing on the street (market) someone push it, and kill it, the owner can set up no claim in the suit (against the hirer). 251. If an ox is a goring ox, and it shown that he is a gorer, and he do not bind his horns, or fasten the ox up and the ox gore a free-born man and kill him, the owner shall pay one-half a mina in money. 252. If he kills a man's slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina. 253. If anyone agree with another to tend his field, give him seed, entrust a yoke of oxen to him, and bind him to cultivate the field, if he steal the corn or plants, and take them for himself, his hands shall be hewn off. 254. If he take the seed-corn for himself, and do not use the yoke of oxen, he shall compensate him for the amount of the seed-corn. 255. If he sublet the man's yoke of oxen or steals the seed-corn, planting nothing in the field, he shall be convicted, and for each one hundred gan he shall pay sixty gur of corn. 256. If his community will not pay for him, then he shall be placed in that field with the cattle (at work). 257. If anyone hires a field laborer, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per year. 258. If anyone hires an ox-driver, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year. 259. If anyone steals a water-wheel from the field, he shall pay five shekels in money to its owner. 260. If anyone steals a shadduf (used to draw water from the river or canal) or a plow, he shall pay three shekels in money. 261. If anyone hires a herdsman for cattle or sheep, he shall pay him eight gur of corn per annum. 262. If anyone, a cow or a sheep . . . 263. If a man kills the cattle or sheep that were given to him, he shall compensate the owner with cattle for cattle and sheep for sheep. 264. If a herdsman, to whom cattle or sheep have been entrusted for watching over, and who has received his wages as agreed upon, and is satisfied, diminish the number of the cattle or sheep, or make the increase by birth less, he shall make good the increase or profit which was lost in the terms of settlement. 265. If a herdsman, to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss. 266. If the animal be killed in the stable by God (an accident), or if a lion kill it, the herdsman shall declare his innocence before God, and the accident in the stable. 267. If the herdsman overlook something and an accident happen in the stable, then the herdsman is at fault for the accident which he has caused in the stable, and he must compensate the owner for the cattle or sheep. 268. If anyone hires an ox for threshing, the amount of the hire is twenty ka of corn. 269. If he hires an ass for threshing, the hire is twenty ka of corn. 270. If he hires a young animal for threshing, the hire is ten ka of corn. 271. If anyone hires oxen, cart and driver, he shall pay one hundred and eighty ka of corn per day. 272. If anyone hires a cart alone, he shall pay forty ka of corn per day. 273. If anyone hire a day laborer, he shall pay him from the New Year until the fifth month (April to August, when days are long and the work hard) six gerahs in money per day; from the sixth month to the end of the year he shall give him five gerahs per day. 274. If anyone hire a skilled artisan, he shall pay as wages of the . . . five gerahs, as wages of the potter five gerahs, of a tailor five gerahs, of . . . gerahs, . . . of a rope maker four gerahs, of . . . gerahs, of a mason . . . gerahs per day. 275. If anyone hire a ferryboat, he shall pay three gerahs in money per day. 276. If he hires a freight-boat, he shall pay two and one-half gerahs per day. 277. If anyone hires a ship of sixty gur, he shall pay one-sixth of a shekel in money as its hire per day. 278. If anyone buy a male or female slave, and before a month has elapsed the benu-disease be developed, he shall return the slave to the seller, and receive the money which he had paid. 279. If anyone by a male or female slave and a third party claim it, the seller is liable for the claim. 280. If while in a foreign country a man buy a male or female slave belonging to another of his own country; if when he return home the owner of the male or female slave recognize it: if the male or female slave be a native of the country, he shall give them back without any money. 281. If they are from another country, the buyer shall declare the amount of money paid therefor to the merchant, and keep the male or female slave. 282. If a slave says to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear.

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