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The destruction of Troy, as depicted in Greek mythology and literature, particularly in Homer's "Iliad" and "Aeneid," was primarily caused by the protracted Trojan War, which began after Paris of Troy abducted Helen, the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta. After years of siege, the Greeks devised the cunning strategy of the Trojan Horse, hiding soldiers inside a giant wooden horse presented as a gift. The Trojans brought the horse into their city, leading to their downfall when the Greek soldiers emerged at night, opened the gates for the rest of their army, and ultimately sacked Troy. This legendary event symbolizes themes of cunning over brute strength and the tragic consequences of pride and betrayal.

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