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A coalition of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian army and its Greek allies outside the Greek city of Plataea in 479 BCE. The defending Greek army of armoured foot soldiers kept to the rough ground to negate the Persian cavalry, then engaged and defeated the unarmoured Persian infantry. At the same time a Greek fleet swooped on the remnants of the Persian fleet at Mycale and captured it. This combined action ended the invasion of mainland Greece by the Persian king Xerxes.
Greek warriors tasked with opening Troy's gates to let in the Greek army when the Persian victory party subsided.
They banded together as a cohesive force, producing a combined navy which outmanoeuvred and defeated the Persian navy; and then without the threat of naval attacks on their cities, they were able so send out their armies to combine and defeat the Persian army. The Persian army was also weakened as, after losing the ability of their navy to protect their resupply fleet coming from Asia, they then had to send half their army home as they could not feed it, and this evened up the size of the opposing armies. And the Greek army had armoured warriors which outclassed the unarmoured soldiers of the Persian army. It all hung on the elimination of the Persian fleet at Salamis.
He entered into Asia Minor and destroyed the Persian provincial army there at the battle of Granicus,, and executed the Greek mercenaries in Persian service to discourage Greeks joining the Persian army and providing them with the armoured infantry they desperately needed to stand up to Alexander's armoured forces.
Thermopylae , Greece
After defeating the Greek navies at Artemesium, the Persian army moved to Athens and occupied it.
479 BCE.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The southern Greek city-states assembled their army at Plataia and defeated the Persian army and its central Greek allies. Simultaneously the Greek coalition fleet cornered the remnants of the Persian fleet where it had taken refuge at Mycale in Asia Minor. This ended the Persian invasion and temporarily liberated the Greek city-states in Asia Minor from Persian control.
Most of the Persian defeats in the 50 years of warfare between the Greek city-states and Persia were either sea or sea-land battles, not land battles involving just the army. The single land battle of Plataia in 469 BCE was won by the Greek forces sticking defeating the inferior unsupported Persian infantry.
The small Greek force at Thermopylae was defeated by the Persian army in 480 BCE.
By the Greek city-states combining to defeat the Persian army and navy.
A coalition of southern Greek city-states defeated the invading Persian army and its Greek allies.
When Xerxes's army invaded Greece, the army had to go through a mountain pass called Thermopylae. The Greek army consisted of 4,000 soldiers. For seven days, the Greeks held back the Persians, and the last three of those days were full on battle. However, a Greek traitor told the Persians of a way to pass around the Greeks. When King Leonidas of Sparta, who was the leader of the Greek army, found out that they were to be surrounded, he dismissed most of the army, remaining to defend the pass with only 300 Spartans, 400 Thebans, and 700 Thespians, and perhaps a few hundred others. Nearly all of those who stayed back were killed by the Persian army, but they helped to delay the Persian army and give the retreating Greeks enough time to escape. Whether the actions of Leonidas and the Spartans helped in Athens's final victory at Salamis I don't know, but he and his brave army did save the lives of thousands of Greeks.
Earth and water.