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Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, has a complex life cycle involving both an intracellular and extracellular phase. In its intracellular phase, the bacteria are taken up by host immune cells, where they replicate within a specialized vacuole that avoids fusion with lysosomes. The extracellular phase is characterized by the release of the bacteria in a spore-like form (the small cell variant), which can survive harsh environmental conditions and infect new hosts. Transmission typically occurs via inhalation of contaminated aerosols, particularly from livestock or contaminated environments.

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2d ago

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Propose a life cycle for coxiella?

Coxiella burnetii typically enter human via enhalation of aerosols during the birthing of animals such as calves. The Small cell variant form attaches to a host cell, usually to a macrophage within the lungs. The macrophage ingests the organism into a phagolysosome where the acidic pH activates the Coxiella's metabolic enzymes. As the Coxiella reaches maturity, it begins sporogenesis and ultimately produces spores. The infected macrophage lysis and the spores are released to infect other cells. The spores are highly resistant to desication and chemical contact such as bleach. This allows them a long and protected life outside of the host. I'm not exactly sure about the Large cell variant form, but one could guess that it is the mature cell that undergoes sporogenesis.


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