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During the Neogene period (23 to 2.58 million years ago), many new species of animals and plants evolved, and the climate began to cool. Here are some of the notable animals and plants from this period:

Animals:

Mammals:

Elephants: Early species like Mammuthus (mammoths).

Horses: Early species such as Equus, the modern horse, evolved during this period.

Big Cats: Panthera leo (early lions) and other large cats like saber-toothed cats.

Giraffes: Early versions like Giraffokeryx.

Cattle and Bison: Ancestors of modern bison and cattle.

Primates: Early humans and their ancestors began to evolve.

Marine Life:

Whales: Modern baleen and toothed whales evolved during this period.

Sharks: Many species of sharks similar to today's sharks appeared.

Seals and Sea Lions: Early seals and sea lions began to evolve.

Birds: The period saw the emergence of many modern bird groups, including Flightless Birds and early raptors.

Reptiles: Crocodiles, turtles, and large lizards continued to thrive.

Plants:

Grasses: The cooling climate led to the spread of grasslands, with grasses becoming widespread and important for herbivores.

Flowering Plants: Many modern flowering plants diversified during this time, including trees like oaks, maples, and willows.

Conifers: Trees like pines, spruces, and firs continued to dominate in cooler climates.

Tropical Plants: Rainforests with plants like palms, ferns, and flowering trees remained in warmer regions.

The Neogene period was a time of significant evolution and climatic change, setting the stage for many modern ecosystems.

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