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External defenses are the body's first line of protection against pathogens and environmental hazards. They include physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, which prevent the entry of microorganisms. Chemical barriers, such as antimicrobial peptides in secretions and enzymes in saliva and tears, also play a crucial role. Additionally, the body's microbiota can outcompete harmful microbes, providing an essential layer of defense.

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2mo ago

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