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A deoxynucleotide contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), allowing it to participate in DNA synthesis. In contrast, a dideoxynucleotide lacks the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the 2' and 3' carbons of the sugar, which prevents further elongation of the DNA strand once it is incorporated, making it useful for terminating DNA synthesis during sequencing reactions. This key structural difference is what enables dideoxynucleotides to function as chain terminators in techniques like Sanger sequencing.
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What are three components of a deoxynucleotide?
A deoxynucleotide consists of three main components: a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine). These components are essential building blocks of DNA molecules.
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