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Every cell needs to have a supply of oxygen. In a very small organism, all of the cells are close enough to the surface of the organism to draw oxygen directly from the atmosphere or have the oxygen diffuse through the intercellular fluid to reach the cells. Larger organisms, however, have too many cell layers for the oxygen to diffuse through and reach all the cells at a high enough concentration to maintain life. Therefore, these organisms have evolved methods of circulating either atmospheric air through their bodies or have evolved special organs to harvest and concentrate oxygen from the atmosphere along with a delivery method to get the oxygen to the organism's cells.

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