Roman
Although the Romans weren't the first civilization to invent the arch, the prior incarnations were only meant to support smaller buildings. Thanks to the Romans, larger buildings became a possibility. Without them, there would be no skyscrapers.
Civilization emerged during the new stone age, also known as the Neolithic period. This era is characterized by the development of agriculture, settled communities, and the use of polished stone tools. The old stone age, or Paleolithic period, predates the rise of civilization and was marked by the use of simple stone tools and a hunter-gatherer way of life.
Before arches, ancient civilizations used post-and-lintel structures to support heavy loads. These structures consisted of two vertical posts with a horizontal lintel placed on top. This technique was commonly used in buildings and monuments such as Stonehenge.
The Olmec civilization in ancient Mexico is believed to be among the first Native Americans to use gold and copper for art and jewelry. They were known for intricate metalwork and creating beautiful ornaments with these materials.
The terraces were used by the Inca civilization to create flat agricultural land on the steep mountain slopes of the Andes. The Maya civilization, on the other hand, did not extensively use terraces for agriculture due to the more flat terrain of their region. The Aztec civilization also did not heavily rely on terraces for agriculture, as their capital city of Tenochtitlan was built on a swampy island in Lake Texcoco.
The Roman civilization is best known for its extensive use of arches, which were a fundamental architectural element in their engineering. They utilized arches in the construction of aqueducts, bridges, and monumental structures like the Colosseum and the Pantheon, allowing for greater stability and the ability to span larger spaces. This innovation not only enhanced their architectural capabilities but also influenced subsequent architectural styles throughout history.
greek
greek
Either triangles or arches.
the use of stone in architecture and sculpture
Rome used arches in their aqueducts. They also used it in their bridges.
babylonians
babylonians
maya
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq. It is the earliest known civilization in the world and is known as the Cradle of Civilization. The cuneiform writing system is the answer to your question.
The ancient Greek civilization is best known for its use of pillars, particularly in their architectural styles such as the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. These columns were not only structural supports but also served as significant decorative elements in temples and public buildings, showcasing the Greeks' mastery of design and aesthetics. The Parthenon in Athens is a prime example of this architectural achievement, highlighting the importance of pillars in Greek culture and architecture.
The leader you use has more of an effect on gameplay than the civilization, and the best one depends on what strategy you use when you play. For example, if you want to win by conquest or domination, then you want a leader with aggressive, imperialistic, or expansive leader traits. In my experience, the best leaders to be are the Carthaginians, Chinese, Americans or the Egyptians.