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A:The Last Supper of the synoptic gospels was undoubtedly a Jewish Seder meal, celebrated each year at the Passover. Not only was it held on the evening of the Passover, but Mark's Gospel tells us that it took the traditional three hours and was finished by singing a hymn. Because John's Gospel shifts the chronology slightly for theological reasons, to have Jesus crucified on the day of the Passover, this book does not describe a Last Supper, instead having Jesus wash the feet of the disciples.

Burton L. Mack (Who Wrote the New Testament: The Making of the Christian Myth) believes that the format of the Last Supper and its re-enactment by the early Christians actually reflect a pre-Christian tradition. The Hellenistic period saw the emergence of free associations that took the form of clubs or fellowships. These followed the pattern of gathering for meals, conducting business and engaging in social activity. It was customary for an association to take the name of a patron deity ("The Fellowship of Hercules"; "The Company of Dionysos") and to acknowledge the purpose of its gathering by making some reference to the god at an appropriate juncture. At the beginning of the meal was one such appropriate moment. Another was when a round of wine was poured and toasts were to be made. It was then that a small libation to the god was in order and some form of invocation could be uttered.

The Apostle Paul, who seems unaware of the details of the life of Jesus of Nazareth, writes in 1 Corinthians11:23-25 of a tradition he had "received" and passed onto the Corinthians at some earlier time:

"That the Lord Jesus on the night he was handed over took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me." In the same way also the cup, after supper, saylng, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it in remembrance of me."

Mack believes that it is arguable that this earliest reference to the Last Supper was inspired by the Hellenistic associations. Decades later, the author of Mark's Gospel placed it in the context of the Jewish Passover.

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Q: Can the Last Supper be compared to pagan traditions?
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