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Engine misfire is when the air-fuel mixture doesn't burn fully, which in turn results in lower output torque on the crankshaft (i.e torque fluctuations).

Misfire can be caused by several different underlying problems:

- Worn out ignition system, distributor (old car) or spark plugs.

- Worn out piston rings, head gasket or valve seats which means that hot gases will be evacuated from the cylinder. This results in lower pressure and therefore lower output torque.

- Poor air-fuel mixture exceeding the lean combustion limit. Depending on the type of combustion system and fuel the engine can't support the flame development when the ratio between air and fuel becomes too great. Note that if the air fuel ratio is too low it can also cause the engine to misfire. Too high in cylinder turbulence relative to the spark gap and supplied voltage can also result in misfire.

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