Clastic sediments are formed from the mechanical weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, resulting in particles like sand, silt, and clay that are transported and deposited by natural processes such as water or wind. In contrast, precipitate sediments form through chemical processes, where dissolved minerals in water crystallize and settle out of solution, often due to changes in temperature or evaporation. This distinction highlights the different origins and formation mechanisms of these sediment types.
The formation of a clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks involves five processes: 1. weathering 2. erosion 3. transportation 4. deposition 5. lithification
When sediments are buried deep under layers, the pressure compresses them in a process called lithification. This process involves the compaction of sediments, where the weight of overlying materials squeezes the particles together, and the cementation, where minerals precipitate from groundwater and bind the particles. Together, these processes transform loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock.
Phaneritic texture refers to igneous rocks with large, easily visible crystals that form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, allowing individual crystals to grow. In contrast, clastic texture pertains to sedimentary rocks composed of fragments or particles derived from pre-existing rocks, which are cemented together. While phaneritic textures indicate a slow cooling process and a homogeneous mineral composition, clastic textures reflect the mechanical weathering and transportation of sediments, leading to a varied composition and grain size.
Terrigenous sediments come from the earth "Terri" means land or earth in greek "genous" means origin. Biogenous sediments come from organic matter.
weathering and erosionWeathering is the process by which rocks are broken apart into sediments. Weathering can be either physical or chemical. Erosion is the process by which those sediments are moved to different areas. Erosion can be powered by wind, water, or ice in the form of glaciers.
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Clastic sediments are sediments that have particles or pieces of rock (clasts) in them. The clasts can be of igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock. Non-clastic sediments are made up of dissolved minerals or organic matter.
Non-clastic rocks are formed through chemical and organic processes. Chemical rocks like limestone are formed when minerals in water precipitate out and accumulate. Organic rocks like coal are formed from the remains of plants and animals that are buried and compacted over time. These processes occur without the transportation and deposition of sediments like in clastic rocks.
The rock cycle
Clastic and organic sedimentary rocks like conglomerate, coal, some limestones, and shale, are formed under pressure from overlying sediments.
Fragmentation clastic sedimentary rock is formed by the lithification of inorganic and/or organic sediments.
Chemical sediments are mineral precipitate :)
Weathering and erosion break down pre-existing rocks into sediments. Transportation of these sediments by water, wind, or ice to a new location. Deposition and compaction of the sediments to form layers, followed by cementation to create a solid clastic rock.
These rocks are called detrital or clastic.
This sediment is a precipitate, an insoluble matter in the solvent.
Weathering produces rock and mineral fragments known as clastic sediments. The word clastic comes from the Greek word klastos, meaning "broken"
Weathering produces rock and mineral fragments known as clastic sediments. The word clastic comes from the Greek word klastos, meaning "broken"