How was the earth hypothesized to be formed?

Answer 1

In the most common versions, the universe was filled homogeneously and isotropically with a high energy density, high temperatures and pressures, and was expanding and cooling. 10-37 seconds into the expansion, a phase transition caused a cosmic inflation, which the Universe grew. After the inflation stopped, the universe consisted of a quark-gluon plasma and other particles. The temperatures were so high that the random motions of the particles were at relativistic speeds, and particle-antiparticle pairs were being created and destroyed in collisions. At some point an unknown reaction called baryogenesis violated the conservation of baryon numbers, leading to a small excess of quarks and leptons over anti quarks and antileptons- of the order of one part in 30 million. This resulted in the the predominance of matter over antimatter in the universe.

The Universe continued to grow in size and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing. Symmetry breaking phase transitions put the fundamental forces of physics and the parameter of elementary particles into their present form. After 10-11 seconds, the picture becomes less speculative, since the particle energies drop to values that can be attained in particle physics experiments. At about 10-6 seconds, quarks and gluons form baryons like protons and neutrons. The excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons. The temperatures were no longer high enough to create new proton-antiproton pairs, so a mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just 1 in 1010 of the original protons and neutrons, and one of their antiparticles. A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positron's. After these annihilations, the remaining protons, neutrons and electrons were no longer moving relativistically and the energy density of the Universe was dominated by photons. a few minutes into the expansion, when the temperature was about a billion kelvins and the density was about that of air, neutrons combined with protons to form the Universe's deuterium and helium nuclei in a process called Big Bang nucleosyntheses. Most protons remained uncombined as hydrogen nuclei. As the Universe cooled, the mass energy density of matter came to gravitationally dominate the photon radiation. After about 376,000 years the electrons and nuclei combined into atoms hence the radiation decoupled from matter and continued through space largely unimpeded. This relic radiation is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation.

When the Big Bang was done, and Earth was created, the continents that we know now, were conjoined together, which scientists call Pangaea. Then 180 million years ago, Pangaea broke apart, making two continents that were called Gondwana and Laurasia. And The two eventually broke apart to the continents that we know today.

All information came from wikipedia