Karakorum. -Apex- :)
There are three possible answers that fit like a matroshka doll in that the answers to each should be reiterated in subsequent lists. The answer to this question depends on whether Jew-killing was 1) strictly genocidal attacks on civilians targeted intentionally because they were Jewish 2) could be Jewish Civilians or Jewish soldiers who were killed intentionally because they were Jewish or 3) any conflict or engagement that resulted in killed Jews. 1) Other Jewish genocides, progroms, and attacks against innocent (or politically and militarily inactive Jewish populations) included: the Spanish Inquisition, the Russian Pogroms (like Kishinev), the British Expulsions, the Modern Iraqi and Syrian Pogroms, the post-Algerian Independence Pogroms, the Assyrian Invasions of the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah, the Crusaders' Invasion of Jerusalem, and numerous others. 2) Attacks on both civilian and militant Jews who were targeted on account of their Jewish heritage included: All of the Israeli Engagements, Inter-War Algerian Independence Attacks, Alfred Dreyfus Affair, and several others. The reason that this category is not terribly populated is that Jews did not often have the right to carry weapons. 3) Attacks that resulted in Jewish deaths where Jews were not specifically targeted included: the Mongol Conquest, French Revolution, Russian Revolution, the American Civil War, the Sepoy Mutiny, and numerous others.
From 1200 to 1400, significant achievements included advancements in architecture, exemplified by the construction of Gothic cathedrals like Notre-Dame in Paris, which showcased innovative flying buttresses. The period also saw the rise of universities in Europe, fostering education and intellectual growth, particularly in philosophy and the sciences. Additionally, the Mongol Empire expanded trade networks along the Silk Road, facilitating cultural exchange and economic development across Asia and Europe. Lastly, literature flourished, with notable works such as Dante's "Divine Comedy" and Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" emerging during this time.
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Temujin is better known as Genghis Khan, and he was a Mongol Emperor during the early 13th century. He started the Mongol invasions of China and was a key figure in the expansion of the Mongol Empire.
Medieval Mongolia was marked by significant military campaigns, most notably the conquests led by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century. His unification of the Mongol tribes and subsequent invasions resulted in the Mongol Empire's rapid expansion, which included wars against the Khwarezmian Empire and various Chinese states. After Genghis Khan's death, his successors continued military campaigns, including the invasions of Europe and the Song Dynasty in China. These conflicts played a crucial role in the establishment of one of the largest contiguous empires in history.
The Mongol Yoke refers to the period of Mongol domination over parts of Eastern Europe and Asia, particularly Russia, during the 13th to 15th centuries. Following the Mongol invasions led by Genghis Khan and his successors, various principalities in Russia were subjected to tribute and control by the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire. This era significantly influenced the political, economic, and cultural development of the region, leading to both hardship and the eventual rise of centralized power in Russia. The Mongol Yoke ended with the decline of Mongol influence and the rise of Moscow as a dominant force.
Mongol invasions of Syria happened in 1260.
Mongol invasions of Tibet happened in 1240.
Mongol invasions of Korea happened in 1231.
Mongol invasions of Vietnam happened in 1257.
Mongol invasions of Japan happened in 1274.
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
The three most famous mongol rulers or Khans were Kublai Khan, who founded the Yuan Dynasty, Ogedei Khan, who made the most expansive campaigns, and the most famous, Genghis Khan, who started the mongol empire.
Genghis Khan