Earthquakes are when the seismic plates on the earths crust move after pressure from on another is exceeded, seismic waves are produced after an earthquake, and can turn into a tsunami.
Speech radio waves Air raid siren Fire alarm Referee's whistle Car horn
Indonesia has the most earthquakes because it's in a very active seismic zone, but Indonesia is a very large country. Japan experiences more earthquakes per year per square kilometer than any other country.
They build stronger buildings than LEDCs. They give buildings shock absorbers. They give hospitals bakc-up generators. However, they can still be damged very badly by earthquakes.
Earthquakes are caused by the slipping of rock under the crust. The waves still travel on the ground, as they would above water, but the waves would cause a tsumai to happen.
Earthquake prediction is currently not possible, as such, seismologists will attempt to quantify the risk posed by a particular fault zone rather than state exactly when an earthquake will occur. For more information, please see the related question.
Seismograms give information about the path of seismic waves and the speed of seismic waves. The speed of seismic waves depends on the density of the material the seismic wave is traveling in. We know, for example, that the core of Earth is liquid, because S waves do not travel through the center of Earth.
The velocities of seismic waves traveling from earthquake foci depend on the type of waves and the properties of the material they travel through. For example, P waves are faster than S waves because they are compressional waves that can travel through both solids and liquids. The speed of seismic waves can also give information about the nature and structure of the Earth's interior.
they have used two methods direct and indirect. seismic waves are the forces produced when earthquakes occur.from rocks from deep inside earth they can give inferences about conditions deep inside earth. they also record the seismic waves and record how dast they travel through Earth this is an indirect method
A descriptive essay on seismic waves could explore their types, including primary (P) waves, secondary (S) waves, and surface waves, detailing how they are generated by earthquakes. The essay could illustrate the differences in speed and movement, explaining how P waves compress and expand materials, while S waves move perpendicularly. Additionally, it might discuss the significance of seismic waves in understanding Earth's interior and their role in earthquake detection and analysis. Using vivid imagery and clear examples, the essay would aim to engage readers with the dynamic nature of these geological phenomena.
It's the focus
The energy released by earthquakes take the form of seismic waves which travel through the ground. These are detected by a seismograph. Based on the amplitude of the seismic waves measured by the seismograph the earthquakes strength can be calculated (to give a value on the Richter scale). Large earthquakes can cause permanent displacements / deformation at the Earth's surface whereby the change in position of an object can be detected using GPS.
Two seismic stations can provide information about the location and magnitude of an earthquake by measuring the time delay between the arrival of seismic waves at each station. This data can be used to triangulate the earthquake's epicenter. However, with only two stations, it may be more challenging to accurately determine the depth of the earthquake.
Scientist learn about the earth's interior by studying seismic waves. 'P' waves travel all the way through Earth's crust, mantle, outer and inner core and give scientists a glimpse of the interior.
they have used two methods direct and indirect. seismic waves are the forces produced when earthquakes occur.from rocks from deep inside earth they can give inferences about conditions deep inside earth. they also record the seismic waves and record how dast they travel through Earth this is an indirect method
Waves get their energy from a source that causes disturbances or vibrations. This source could be wind, seismic activity, or the movement of objects in water. The energy is transferred through the medium in which the waves are traveling, leading to the propagation of waves.
A seismograph (modern term seismometer) is an instrument that measures the movement of the ground surface. During an earthquake, seismic waves move or propagate away from the earthquakes epicentre and cause the ground to move A seismometer measures the acceleration at the grounds surface as seismic waves pass by. They also record the frequency and wavelength of the various waves along with their amplitude. The Richter scale provides an estimate of the energy released by an earthquake based on the amplitude of the seismic waves detected at a seismometer station and a correction based on the distance of the earthquakes epicentre from the station (as seismic waves lose their energy as they propagate through the earth so if this correction was not made, then different seismometer stations at different distances would give differing Richter magnitudes for the same earthquake). The Richter scale itself is a logarithmic mathematical formula which is calibrated so that a ten fold increase in amplitude relates to a single hole number increase on the scale (e.g. an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5 has seismic waves with a maximum amplitude 10 times larger than those for a magnitude 4). It has a number of practical limitations, in that it is poor at recording earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7 and at distances greater than 650 km for a seismometer. The equation for calculating the Richter magnitude (MR) is shown below: MR = (Log10A) - (Log10A0) Where A = maximum zero to peak amplitude of seismic wave (mm) recorded. A0 = Empirical function derived from the distance from seismometer station to earthquake epicentre Log10A0 From 0 to 200 km distance: Log10A0 = 0.15 - 1.6 log(distance in km) Between 200 and 600 km distance by: Log10A0 = 3.38 - 3.0 log(distance in km)
Geologists have discovered a lot about the interior composition of the Earth by studying 'S' and 'P' seismic waves. For example, they learned that Earth has a liquid outer core when they noticed that 'S' waves didn't come out on the other side of Earth because they are unable to travel through liquids.