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Because it prevents deoxygenated blood from mixing with oxygenated blood, since the left ventricule is used to pump the oxygenated blood in the body, and the right ventricule is used to pump the deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Also, it allows the heart to create 2 different blood pressure in the body. Since the length of the pulmonary blood systeme is shorter, the right ventricule pumps less harder to create less pressure, and therefore protects the small capillars in the lungs.

However since the left ventricule pumps blood in all the body, it must pump harder to generate enough pressure to push the blood in all those vessels.

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Q: What are the advantages of having two ventricles?
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