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The smallest, most basic particles that still have the characteristics of the individual elements (oxygen, gold, carbon, uranium, potassium and many others) are called atoms. An atom of gold is still gold. Once you take any of these atoms apart, you have particles that are common to all elements. The protons in an atom of gold are exactly the same as the protons in an atom of oxygen. The sub-atomic particles, the protons, neutrons and electrons of ordinary atoms, can be broken down into smaller and smaller particles. As we build more and more powerful devices, we find that particles can be broken into smaller and smaller components. I don't believe we yet know where that process will end. This is bringing us to the very limits of what is called particle physics.

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