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Mark's GospelIn Jesus for the NonReligious, John Shelby Spong describes the principal literary characteristic of the earliest passion account, in Mark's Gospel, as a chiastic structure:

A The celebration of the Passover Feast, which becomes the Last Supper, beginning "when it was evening" (Mark 14:17), or when the sun went down: approximately 6 pm and the beginning of the day of the Passover by Jewish reckoning. Mark knew that the duration of the Passover meal was three hours and that it concluded with the singing of a hymn. Jesus says, "This is my body," a metaphor that will be reflected in his burial (A').


B When was about 9 p.m. Mark then has Jesus and the disciples go to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus went to pray. He suffered alone and in agony, asking God that, if possible, he take this cup (his destiny to be crucified) away from Jesus. Meanwhile his disciples, Peter, James and John, were not able to remain awake. "Could you not watch one hour?" Jesus asked. The process was repeated two more times. The disciples could not watch one, two or three hours. It was now midnight.


C The betrayal of Jesus, the darkest deed in human history, came next, occurring at the stroke of midnight. This will be reflected by the darkness at midday.


D At 3:00 a.m., Jesus was led away for a trial before the high priest and other senior priests and elders. We know the time of the first trial because Peter's threefold denial of Jesus followed, once each hour until the cock crowed, marking the watch between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m., known as cockcrow.


E "As soon as it was morning", which meant 6 o'clock, Jesus was led by the chief priests, scribes and elders for trial by Pontius Pilate.


D' At 9 o'clock: "It was the third hour when they crucified him."


C' When "the sixth hour had come" (12 noon), darkness covered the whole earth, reflecting the betrayal at 12 midnight.


B' The three hours of darkness, until 3 p.m. mirror the agony in the Garden of Gethsemene. Jesus last words, "My God. My God, why hast thou forsaken me?" reflect the recognition that his prayer in the Garden has not been answered. At 3 o'clock Jesus cried out and gave up the ghost.


A' Joseph of Arimathea then asked Pilate for the body of Jesus, so that he could be buried before the Sabbath began at 6 p.m., when the sun went down.


Notice then that the betrayal occurs at the stroke of midnight and that it forms a pair, in this chiastic structure, with the moment that Jesus died on the cross at midday. This emphasises the author's intention to portray the betrayal as the darkest deed in human history.

Matthew's Gospel

The principal literary characteristic of the passion account in Matthew's Gospel is what Ian Wilson (Jesus: The Evidence) calls pious embroideries by an author demonstrably over-fond of the miraculous.


Luke's Gospel

Luke's Gospel elaborates on Mark by overtly portraying the Roman governor, Pilate, as an innocent man. who repeatedly stated that he found no fault in Jesus, and repeatedly sought to set him free.


John's Gospel

John's Gospel adds details and alters the date and time of the crucifixion, from 9 o'clock (the third hour) on the day of the Passover, to 12 o'clock on the day before the Passover, in order to draw parallels between Jesus and the Paschal lamb.

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Q: What are the literary characteristics of the passion accounts of gospel?
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How is the account of Jesus on the Road to Emmaus different from the other gospel accounts?

A:The story of the risen Jesus meeting the two disciples on the road to Emmaus comes from Luke's Gospel (Luke 24:13-31). It is the only account in which Jesus simply disappears from sight, as the disciples talk to him. The author of John's Gospel usually took care not to directly contradict Luke, although he aften changed or added to his source gospel. Although John does not contain the account on the road to Emmaus, it could be added to this gospel without affecting its structure or integrity, except that John 21:14 says that the appearace to the disciples at the Sea of Galilee was only the third time he had appeared to the disciples but would have to be the fourth if there was an appearance on the road to Emmaus.Matthew's Gospel has a very different account of the resurrection appearances, with Jesus appearing only to the women and then to the disciples in a mountain in Galilee. The story of the appearance on the road to Emmaus is inconsistent with this gospel account.Mark's Gospel originally ended at verse 16:8, with the young man telling the women that Jesus was risen and they fled in terror, telling no one. This, the first gospel, originally had no appearances of the risen Jesus. The 'Long Ending' (Mark 16:9-20) was added much later and includes (Mark 16:12-13): "After that he appeared in another form unto two of them, as they walked, and went into the country. And they went and told it unto the residue: neither believed they them." This is a good addition, as it could equally be interpreted as Jesus appearing to the two women of Matthew's Gospel or to the two disciples on the road to Emmaus, in luke's Gospel.


What is the difference between the synoptic accounts of the Last Supper and that of John's Gospel?

A:In the synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke), the Last Supper takes place on the evening of the day of the Passover - it is the Jewish Seder feast. John's Gospel moves the chronology (eg John 19:14) so that in his crucifixion, Jesus was the sacrificial lamb of the Passover, and therefore this gospel omits the ritual Last Supper. Apart from mentioning that Jesus and the disciples had their evening meal, John replaces the Last Supper by a ritual in which Jesus washes the feet of the disciples.


Gospel singers beginning with the letter j?

Gospel Singers - first names - J: * Jade Trini Goring * Judith McCalister * Jake Hess * Vickie Winans (part of the gospel group, The Winans Family) Gospel Singers - last names - J: * Mahalia Jackson * Rev. Andrew Jenkins * Blind Willie Johnson * Mitchell Jones * Rev. James Clevland


How many years did Jesus teach before the last supper?

The mission of Jesus that is described in the synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) appears to have lasted less than one year. In these accounts, Jesus only went to Jerusalem for the Passover on one fateful occasion.In John's Gospel, Jesus went to Jerusalem for the Passover at least three times, so in this account his mission certainly lasted at least three years.


Was Mary magdalene in the last supper painting?

No, all the Gospel accounts tell us that Jesus sat down with the twelve disciples. There is no evidence to suggest that any one else was present.

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