People moved to the cities to find jobs as factory workers.
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During the Gilded Age, children often worked in factories, mines, and as newsboys or street vendors. They were employed in harsh conditions, often for long hours and low wages, contributing to the family income. Many worked in textile mills, coal mines, and sweatshops, where safety regulations were minimal and labor laws were largely unenforced. This exploitation highlighted the need for labor reforms and child welfare legislation in the United States.