If the starting point are elements then the inner shell electrons (non valence) these orbit the nuclei of the atoms and the formation of a chemical bond does not affect these materially.
What happens to the valence electrons depends on the bond formed.
In an ionic bond electrons are transferred from say the metal atom to the nonmetal- these electrons essentially "orbit" the nuclei of the cations and anions. They are "localised".
When a covalent bond is formed the valence electrons involved are shared between the atoms, they "orbit" both nuclei. When the bond is polar covalent they spend a little more time nearer the more electronegative element.
When a "delocalised"covalent bond is formed as in bezene or graphite the electrons orbit a number of atomic nuclei.
In a metallic bond the valence electrons are also delocalised (the sea of electrons model) across the metal lattice, but in transition metals there is additional bonding between electrons in d orbitals (the tight bound electrons) and these electrons are essentially localised.
Electrons participating in the chemical bond is valence electrons or the electrons present in the outer shell
Electrons involve in forming chemical bonds.
metallic bond
No, atoms do not bond to form electrons because electrons cannot be "formed" in this manner. Instead, bonds are formed when atoms share the electrons they possesses. Each atom wants to gain a full octet of electrons in its outermost shell. Until the atom has eight, it cannot be happy and remains "unstable." So, through the process of bonding, an atom will share its valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell) with another atom. This way, each atom can satisfy its octet and be happy.
The term 'covalent' is usually applied to a bond in the context of chemistry; electrons are the particles that participate in bonding. The act of bonding helps atoms achieve a stable configuration, one way of achieving this is by sharing its outer electrons in a bond. One might say the stability of an atom increases thereby.
Ionic bond
The electrons are shared
a covalent bond
This is a covalent bond.
A covalent bond is formed when electrons are transferred from atom to atom.
covalent bond
Covalent Bond
This is a covalent bond.
metallic bond
When atoms share electrons, they form a chemical bond, or covalent bond.
Ionic bonds are formed by transferring electrons, while covalent (molecular) are formed by sharing electrons.
covalent