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LPI = Lines per Inch

It is a measure of the fineness or coarseness of the screening in photographs and tints in a printed piece. The term comes from back when we halftoned images by photographing them through screens, which are pieces of film with a pattern of dots on them--you measured off an inch and counted the number of dots in a straight line. Or, actually, someone at the screen factory did it; they were marked, so if you wanted a 133-line screen you just took it out of the box--which you ALWAYS put it back in after you were done using it, because they scratch easily and they're hundreds of dollars each. You can still get these, by the way--people still shoot halftones on cameras.

Four things go into determining your linescreen: the reproduction process, substrate, prepress imaging device and source image all play a role.

As to the reproduction process, some ways to print will "hold" a higher linescreen than others. Offset's higher than flexo which is higher than screenprinting.

The substrate is what the product is being printed on. If you're running on Kromekote, which is a paper with a mirrorlike surface that really doesn't absorb ink, you can get a far higher LPI than if you're running on a cotton t-shirt.

The prepress imaging device is obviously important, and here's how you calculate the maximum screen frequency you can get out of it: divide the resolution you're using by 15. A dot in a digital halftone screen is made of a group of device dots (aka a "supercell") and you need 100 device dots per supercell so you can get all the dot percentages from 1% to 100%. You need to have more dots per cell available because not all dots are the same shape--some run up-and-down, some side-to-side--so we've found a supercell that's 15 dots square, or some multiple thereof, works well. So...if you have a 2400dpi or 2540dpi imager, you can get a smooth 150-line screen out of it.

And for the source image...the rule of thumb here is, "maximum LPI is one-half the DPI." In other words, a 300dpi image gives a good 150-line screen.

The resolution of certain output (and input) devices is sometimes defined in LPI

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Why is Image Resolution important when printing graphics?

Resolution is tied directly to the quality appearance of your image. Resolution is the measurement of dots per squares inch (dpi). There is a lot to process when covering this topic. This article will be for beginners and novice.For general commercial printing, there are two common resolution requirements. 300 dpi for color and grayscale images and 1,000 dpi for black and white bitmap (mode) images. While many scanners, cameras and programs support higher resolutions and you would think the higher the resolution the better image quality, the science of printing is driven by rules of Lines Per Inch (lpi) and how technology handles processing of files.Here's where it gets a bit sticky to understand. I'll tried to explain it has best I can while giving you some techno info.Color and Grayscale Images.The 300dpi resolution rule applies to color and grayscale images only.Bitmapped Images.In general bitmapped images should be saved at 1,000 dpi. If you have a black and white, bitmapped image, the resolution should be set to the resolution of the output device. With that said, most people do not know the resolution of the output device without talking to the print service provider. Generally, however, the accepted resolution is between 800 dpi and 1,200 dpi.The reason behind this lays in the human eye. The human eye at 800dpi begins to process a perfect lines and curve. At 1,200 dpi, the eye cannot distinguish a higher quality.Vector Images:(Images created in applications such as Illustrator, CorelDraw, FreeHand, CanvasDraw)Because of how technology works when it comes to printing, any image created within these programs are considered device independent and will print at the printers resolution thus providing excellent image quality.Generally most print shops (as of 2008) will print anywhere from 200 to 300 lpi. Back in the 90s' it was 150 to 200 lpi.To answer a popular question I get - If you import a color or grayscale image into a vector apllications, does it become a vector graphic - NO. It simply becomes a color or grayscale image placed within a vector file. The same rules above would still apply.Resolution for other technologies ******************************For web creation, the standard is 72 dpi.For consumer level ink jet printing, generally 150 dpi prints fine. This is highly dependent on the printing device itself.For posters and large banners, it is best to ask your print service provider. Generally I have heard resolutions ranging from 100 to 600 dpi.For digital photos sent to Photo Processing centers, contact those centers.Hope this helps. Richard Perez


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