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A map projection simply is a representation of the round, 3D surface of the earth onto a flat, 2D map. There are different map projections such as Mercator and Robinson each of which have advantages and disadvantages.

The appropriate projection for a map depends on the scale of the map and the purposes for which it will be used. For example, a Mercator projection has straight rhumb lines and is therefore excellent for navigation, because compass courses are easy to determine, but there is distortion near the poles.

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