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There are different commercial formulations of plasticine and related compounds, but they all share the same basic properties. Plasticine and clay are similar in that they are both used for modeling in additive sculpture, and both consist of very fine mineral particles held together by a binder. The most basic difference is that "clay" is bound by water, while plasticine is bound by any number of oily substances. Also, the mineral particles in plasticine are primarily calcium carbonate, while the minerals in clay can be any of a number of phyllosilicates. This presents the following differences in use: clay begins to dry upon exposure to air while plasticine will remain soft as long as it is sufficiently warm. Clay can be fired to become hard and insoluble in water, while plasticine will first melt and then burn if heated. Fired clay is often used as a permanent medium in art and craft applications, while plasticine is almost always only an intermediate step in making a sculpture that will eventually be cast in metal, resin, etc.

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