Helots
The perioeci, or perioikoi, were the members of an autonomous group of free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta. They were the only people allowed to travel to other cities, which the Spartans were not, unless given permission.
The dual kings, who were war and religious leaders. The Council which ran government. The Gerousia, a small group which acted like a cabinet. The Assembly of male citizens which decided on matters put to them by the Council.
The difference between Sparta and Athens is that in Sparta, the ruling government was a military government, while in Athens, the ruling government was a democracy. In Sparta, the people focus on military matters. That is because of the fear of an uprising by their helots. In Athens, a democracy ruled. People voted on many matters such as which one they thought was the most dangerous to their testate and even military and naval expeditions against rival statutes. The different arts such as sculpture and poetry also flourished more in Athens. Athenians believed that one should also focus themselves on matters other than military ones. Athens focused on trades, technologies, civilizations, studies,... while Sparta focused on the military. That's why Spartan warriors were the most fierce warriors in Ancient Greece. Athens also treated their children differently. For example: Boys were taught reading, writing, mathematics, music, poetry, and sports. While in Sparta, they took them away from their parents at 7 yrs. old, to train for war. Further, in Sparta, both - boys and girls went to school, but in Athens, boys went to school but the girls did not, but attended basically, house work.
There was never ancient Greek empire as we think of it..It was a group of up to 1000+ individual cities with separate politics and armies and even culture and customs differed somewhat. So basically with the exception of Persian invasion, Sparta was in no way important to anyone except for themselves.They were probably one of the most hated cities in Greece because they were formidable foe and potential threat. Good thing is they had no plans for conquering anything farther than Peloponnessus so other cities did not had any direct problems with them.
Helots
The lowest class of people in ancient Egypt were slaves.
There is no specific collective noun for a group of ancient people, in which case a noun suitable for the context of the situation is used; for example a study of ancient people, a settlement of ancient people, a remainder of ancient people, etc.
In a situation where a small group of like minded people are the ruling class, that's called an oligarchy. Perhaps the most famous one was in ancient Sparta. There,unlike Athens, Sparta was run by a small clique of people who held onto all the power.
The lowest class that included the slaves and farmers did the most manual labor in ancient Egypt.
monarchy
The elderly
the ancient Celts
NeanderthalS
The group of people who named Jupiter is called the Ancient Romans
The ancient Athenians were a group of people that lived in ancient Greece and still do today.
The perioeci, or perioikoi, were the members of an autonomous group of free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta. They were the only people allowed to travel to other cities, which the Spartans were not, unless given permission.