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Over time they modernized their arsenal from the: * lance * Coup stick * Bow and arrow * Flint knife To the: * Flintlock * Percussion Rifle * Henry and Winchester Rifles * Steel knives and hand axe.
Before contact with European explorers, all Native Americans had a stone age technology, which means that they used the materials found in their particular locality - wood, stone, bone, horn, antler, shell, animal hides and plant fibres.

Bows were used across the entire continent, but in many places there were few suitable types of wood to make that weapon (bow wood has to be long, straight-grained, flexible and strong). In desert areas some tribes used only throwing-sticks (a bit like boomerangs), knives and war clubs. In forest areas with suitable trees, bows and spears were common.

The points of arrows and spears, as well as knife blades, were chipped from suitable stone such as flint, chert or obsidian - these would easily break if stuck against a hard object. War-clubs would include a rounded stone head attached to a wooden handle.

After contact with Europeans, metal blades were obtained in trade. Arrowheads came ready-made by white traders and knives were made as far away as Sheffield, England. So popular were these new blades that natives quickly forgot how to make the stone blades - later, some tribes claimed that stone arrow points had been made by magical dwarves or spirits.

Shields were originally quite large and almost always circular. When the Plains tribes obtained horses they made much smaller shields.
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11y ago

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