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The main point of both of these structures is to bypass the pulmonary circulation. You want to bypass pulmonary circulation because the fetus does not need the lungs yet to get oxygen. There is no oxygen in the womb for the baby to breath. It gets its oxygen from the mother at this point. Both of these structures will naturally close after birth but there are some instances where they don't and that's when doctors will have to fix the problem if it turns out it is causing issues.

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Q: What may be the advantage of having a ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale as part of the circulation pattern in a fetus?
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