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The movement of the Earth around the Sun produces changes in both the duration and angle of the sunlight reaching any particular location. Because the Earth axis (the line around which it spins) is tilted with respect to the flat plane of its orbit, different latitudes will receive more solar energy in some parts of the year than others. This is not caused to any great extent by the changing distance between the Earth and the Sun (this only varies by about 3% during the year).

The tilt causes one hemisphere to receive much more solar radiation (long days, more direct angle) during a part of the year, while the opposite hemisphere receives correspondingly less. During the spring and fall, there is not much difference. But from late December to late March, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere. Six months later, from late June to late September, it is summer in the northern and winter in the southern.

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