Since the Earth is a Spheroid shape, (not a true sphere) 50% of its surface is illuminated by the Sun, at any given moment.
I've given a couple links below to articles that can answer your question.
Depends on the season. On average, it's half. But there is more Earth in sunlight in the portion of our orbit closest to the sun, and slightly less when we are farthest away. Approximately half of the Earth is illuminated at any time by the Sun. The area subjected to direct illumination is almost exactly half the planet; but because of atmospheric and other effects that extend the reach of indirect illumination, the area of the planet covered by either direct or indirect illumination amounts to slightly more than half the surface.In modern times, Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3, and the aphelion around July 4 (for other eras, see precession and Milankovitch cycles). The changing Earth-Sun distance results in an increase of about 6.9% in solar energy reaching the Earth at perihelion relative to aphelion.
The Equator is the line that separates the earth into two hemispheres
Maximum duration of insolation occurs on the summer solstice (June 21). Duration of insolation is the hours of sunlight we receive on that given day in a given area. The summer solstice, or June 21, is when we have the most amount of sunlight on a day in the whole entire year so therefore; maximum duration of insolation is greatest on that day.
5
It's the amount of energy given out by the sun, and the energy received by the earth. Within that is the energy reflected and the energy given off from the earth.
Most of the sun's energy is emitted as light in various wavelengths. Earth receives only a small fraction of this energy because it's located at a significant distance from the sun. Also, Earth's atmosphere scatters and absorbs some of the incoming solar radiation.
Not much. The seasons are driven primarily by how much direct sunlight the Earth receives at a given latitude.
Earth's energy budget refers to the balance between the incoming energy from the sun and the outgoing energy emitted by Earth back into space. This balance is crucial for maintaining the planet's temperature and climate. Any disruptions in this energy budget can lead to changes in Earth's climate system.
The plastic portion of the upper mantle of the Earth is known as the asthenosphere. It is a semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere that allows tectonic plate movement.
The name given to a portion of the Earth's surface is known as a region or area. Regions can be defined by physical characteristics, such as climate or landforms, or by human characteristics, such as culture or economic activities.
Insolation, or solar radiation.
The Sun's energy is given out mainly as "electromagnetic radiation". Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Heat is the main form the Sun's energy has when it reaches Earth, particularly the Earth's surface.
Most of the energy of an incandescent bulb is given off as heat rather than light. Incandescent bulbs are not very energy efficient compared to other types of lighting, as they convert a large portion of electrical energy into heat instead of light.
The amount of the sun's energy that reaches Earth at a given time and place depends on factors such as the angle of incidence, atmospheric conditions, and geographic location. On average, about 1,366 watts per square meter of solar energy reaches the top of Earth's atmosphere, but not all of this energy reaches the surface due to absorption and scattering.
At any given moment, only 50% of the moon is exposed to sunlight (just like the earth), assuming there is no lunar eclipse ocurring. However, over the course of a month, the entire lunar surface will be exposed to sunlight.
Portion/Percentage = Total/100 So Total = 100*Portion/Percentage.